Fix #83045 by moving some crate loading verification code to a better place.

src/test/run-make-fulldeps/issue-83045/Makefile

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+include ../../run-make-fulldeps/tools.mk
+
+# This test case creates a situation where the crate loader would run
+# into an ICE when confronted with an invalid setup where it cannot
+# find the dependency of a direct dependency.
+#
+# The test case makes sure that the compiler produces the expected
+# error message but does not ICE immediately after.
+#
+# See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/83045
+
+# This is a platform-independent issue, no need to waste time testing
+# everywhere.
+# only-x86_64
+# only-linux
+
+# NOTE: We use BARE_RUSTC below so that the compiler can't find liba.rlib
+#       If we used RUSTC the additional '-L TMPDIR' option would allow rustc to
+#       actually find the crate.
+#
+#       We check that we get the expected error message
+#       But that we do not get an ICE
+
+all:
+	$(RUSTC) --crate-name=a --crate-type=rlib a.rs --verbose
+	$(RUSTC) --crate-name=b --crate-type=rlib --extern a=$(TMPDIR)/liba.rlib b.rs --verbose
+	$(BARE_RUSTC) --out-dir $(TMPDIR) \
+	              --extern b=$(TMPDIR)/libb.rlib \
+				  --crate-type=rlib \
+				  --edition=2018 \
+				  c.rs 2>&1 | tee $(TMPDIR)/output.txt || exit 0
+	$(CGREP) E0463 < $(TMPDIR)/output.txt
+	$(CGREP) -v "internal compiler error" < $(TMPDIR)/output.txt

src/test/run-make-fulldeps/issue-83045/a.rs

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+// empty on purpose

src/test/run-make-fulldeps/issue-83045/b.rs

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+extern crate a;

src/test/run-make-fulldeps/issue-83045/c.rs

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+use b as _;