resolve: print location of static for "static in pattern" error

The implementation mirrors the one for "constant defined here" annotation
used for constant patterns in the irrefutable-pattern case.

Fixes: #23716

src/test/compile-fail/issue-23716.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+static foo: i32 = 0;
+//~^ NOTE static variable defined here
+
+fn bar(foo: i32) {}
+//~^ ERROR static variables cannot be referenced in a pattern, use a `const` instead
+
+mod submod {
+    pub static answer: i32 = 42;
+    //~^ NOTE static variable defined here
+}
+
+use self::submod::answer;
+//~^ NOTE static variable imported here
+
+fn question(answer: i32) {}
+//~^ ERROR static variables cannot be referenced in a pattern, use a `const` instead
+
+fn main() {
+}