Auto merge of #2165 - saethlin:more-clocks, r=RalfJung

Add support for _COARSE clocks

Original idea does not work, so I'm just going to try expanding support to include the `_COARSE` clocks.

The original motivation for this PR is that the test suite for the crate [`minstant`](https://crates.io/crates/minstant) reports UB, because it tries to use a clock type Miri didn't support, but never checked for an error code and so just used the uninit `libc::timespec`. So, that's technically a bug in `minstant`, but outside of Miri you'd have to be using an incredibly old Linux to ever see an `EINVAL` so the more helpful thing for Miri to do is behave like a newer Linux.

So now we don't detect UB in `minstant`, but we have a test failure:
```
failures:

---- src/instant.rs - instant::Instant::as_unix_nanos (line 150) stdout ----
Test executable failed (exit status: 101).

stderr:
thread 'main' panicked at 'assertion failed: (instant.as_unix_nanos(&anchor) as i64 - expected as i64).abs() < 1_000_000', src/instant.rs:11:1
```
I'm having trouble getting my head around the code in `minstant` that's involved in this test, but as far as I can tell from the man pages, these `_COARSE` clocks meet the requirements.

Closes https://github.com/rust-lang/miri/issues/1983 at least as best as I can.

src/shims/time.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ pub trait EvalContextExt<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir>: crate::MiriEvalContextExt<'mir, 'tcx
         clk_id_op: &OpTy<'tcx, Tag>,
         tp_op: &OpTy<'tcx, Tag>,
     ) -> InterpResult<'tcx, i32> {
+        // This clock support is deliberately minimal because a lot of clock types have fiddly
+        // properties (is it possible for Miri to be suspended independently of the host?). If you
+        // have a use for another clock type, please open an issue.
+
         let this = self.eval_context_mut();
 
         this.assert_target_os("linux", "clock_gettime");
@@ -23,11 +27,21 @@ pub trait EvalContextExt<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir>: crate::MiriEvalContextExt<'mir, 'tcx
 
         let clk_id = this.read_scalar(clk_id_op)?.to_i32()?;
 
-        let duration = if clk_id == this.eval_libc_i32("CLOCK_REALTIME")? {
+        // Linux has two main kinds of clocks. REALTIME clocks return the actual time since the
+        // Unix epoch, including effects which may cause time to move backwards such as NTP.
+        // Linux further distinguishes regular and "coarse" clocks, but the "coarse" version
+        // is just specified to be "faster and less precise", so we implement both the same way.
+        let absolute_clocks =
+            [this.eval_libc_i32("CLOCK_REALTIME")?, this.eval_libc_i32("CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE")?];
+        // The second kind is MONOTONIC clocks for which 0 is an arbitrary time point, but they are
+        // never allowed to go backwards. We don't need to do any additonal monotonicity
+        // enforcement because std::time::Instant already guarantees that it is monotonic.
+        let relative_clocks =
+            [this.eval_libc_i32("CLOCK_MONOTONIC")?, this.eval_libc_i32("CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE")?];
+
+        let duration = if absolute_clocks.contains(&clk_id) {
             system_time_to_duration(&SystemTime::now())?
-        } else if clk_id == this.eval_libc_i32("CLOCK_MONOTONIC")? {
-            // Absolute time does not matter, only relative time does, so we can just
-            // use our own time anchor here.
+        } else if relative_clocks.contains(&clk_id) {
             Instant::now().duration_since(this.machine.time_anchor)
         } else {
             let einval = this.eval_libc("EINVAL")?;

tests/run-pass/libc.rs

@@ -230,6 +230,28 @@ fn test_thread_local_errno() {
     }
 }
 
+/// Tests whether clock support exists at all
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+fn test_clocks() {
+    let mut tp = std::mem::MaybeUninit::<libc::timespec>::uninit();
+    let is_error = unsafe {
+        libc::clock_gettime(libc::CLOCK_REALTIME, tp.as_mut_ptr())
+    };
+    assert_eq!(is_error, 0);
+    let is_error = unsafe {
+        libc::clock_gettime(libc::CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE, tp.as_mut_ptr())
+    };
+    assert_eq!(is_error, 0);
+     let is_error = unsafe {
+        libc::clock_gettime(libc::CLOCK_MONOTONIC, tp.as_mut_ptr())
+    };
+    assert_eq!(is_error, 0);
+    let is_error = unsafe {
+        libc::clock_gettime(libc::CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE, tp.as_mut_ptr())
+    };
+    assert_eq!(is_error, 0);
+}
+
 fn main() {
     #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
     test_posix_fadvise();
@@ -249,4 +271,7 @@ fn main() {
     test_prctl_thread_name();
 
     test_thread_local_errno();
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+    test_clocks();
 }