Auto merge of #59546 - sfanxiang:interminable-ub, r=nagisa

Add llvm.sideeffect to potential infinite loops and recursions

LLVM assumes that a thread will eventually cause side effect. This is
not true in Rust if a loop or recursion does nothing in its body,
causing undefined behavior even in common cases like `loop {}`.
Inserting llvm.sideeffect fixes the undefined behavior.

As a micro-optimization, only insert llvm.sideeffect when jumping back
in blocks or calling a function.

A patch for LLVM is expected to allow empty non-terminate code by
default and fix this issue from LLVM side.

https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/28728

**UPDATE:** [Mentoring instructions here](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/59546#issuecomment-515072429) to unstall this PR

src/librustc/session/config.rs

@@ -1467,6 +1467,9 @@ options! {DebuggingOptions, DebuggingSetter, basic_debugging_options,
         "which mangling version to use for symbol names"),
     binary_dep_depinfo: bool = (false, parse_bool, [TRACKED],
         "include artifacts (sysroot, crate dependencies) used during compilation in dep-info"),
+    insert_sideeffect: bool = (false, parse_bool, [TRACKED],
+        "fix undefined behavior when a thread doesn't eventually make progress \
+         (such as entering an empty infinite loop) by inserting llvm.sideeffect"),
 }
 
 pub fn default_lib_output() -> CrateType {

src/librustc_codegen_llvm/context.rs

@@ -537,6 +537,7 @@ impl CodegenCx<'b, 'tcx> {
         ifn!("llvm.trap", fn() -> void);
         ifn!("llvm.debugtrap", fn() -> void);
         ifn!("llvm.frameaddress", fn(t_i32) -> i8p);
+        ifn!("llvm.sideeffect", fn() -> void);
 
         ifn!("llvm.powi.f32", fn(t_f32, t_i32) -> t_f32);
         ifn!("llvm.powi.v2f32", fn(t_v2f32, t_i32) -> t_v2f32);

src/librustc_codegen_llvm/intrinsic.rs

@@ -724,6 +724,13 @@ impl IntrinsicCallMethods<'tcx> for Builder<'a, 'll, 'tcx> {
         self.call(expect, &[cond, self.const_bool(expected)], None)
     }
 
+    fn sideeffect(&mut self) {
+        if self.tcx.sess.opts.debugging_opts.insert_sideeffect {
+            let fnname = self.get_intrinsic(&("llvm.sideeffect"));
+            self.call(fnname, &[], None);
+        }
+    }
+
     fn va_start(&mut self, va_list: &'ll Value) -> &'ll Value {
         let intrinsic = self.cx().get_intrinsic("llvm.va_start");
         self.call(intrinsic, &[va_list], None)
@@ -810,6 +817,7 @@ fn codegen_msvc_try(
 ) {
     let llfn = get_rust_try_fn(bx, &mut |mut bx| {
         bx.set_personality_fn(bx.eh_personality());
+        bx.sideeffect();
 
         let mut normal = bx.build_sibling_block("normal");
         let mut catchswitch = bx.build_sibling_block("catchswitch");
@@ -933,6 +941,8 @@ fn codegen_gnu_try(
         // expected to be `*mut *mut u8` for this to actually work, but that's
         // managed by the standard library.
 
+        bx.sideeffect();
+
         let mut then = bx.build_sibling_block("then");
         let mut catch = bx.build_sibling_block("catch");
 

src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/block.rs

@@ -149,6 +149,26 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TerminatorCodegenHelper<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    // Generate sideeffect intrinsic if jumping to any of the targets can form
+    // a loop.
+    fn maybe_sideeffect<'b, 'tcx2: 'b, Bx: BuilderMethods<'b, 'tcx2>>(
+        &self,
+        mir: &'b mir::Body<'tcx>,
+        bx: &mut Bx,
+        targets: &[mir::BasicBlock],
+    ) {
+        if bx.tcx().sess.opts.debugging_opts.insert_sideeffect {
+            if targets.iter().any(|target| {
+                *target <= *self.bb
+                    && target
+                        .start_location()
+                        .is_predecessor_of(self.bb.start_location(), mir)
+            }) {
+                bx.sideeffect();
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Codegen implementations for some terminator variants.
@@ -197,6 +217,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
             let lltrue = helper.llblock(self, targets[0]);
             let llfalse = helper.llblock(self, targets[1]);
             if switch_ty == bx.tcx().types.bool {
+                helper.maybe_sideeffect(self.mir, &mut bx, targets.as_slice());
                 // Don't generate trivial icmps when switching on bool
                 if let [0] = values[..] {
                     bx.cond_br(discr.immediate(), llfalse, lltrue);
@@ -210,9 +231,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                 );
                 let llval = bx.const_uint_big(switch_llty, values[0]);
                 let cmp = bx.icmp(IntPredicate::IntEQ, discr.immediate(), llval);
+                helper.maybe_sideeffect(self.mir, &mut bx, targets.as_slice());
                 bx.cond_br(cmp, lltrue, llfalse);
             }
         } else {
+            helper.maybe_sideeffect(self.mir, &mut bx, targets.as_slice());
             let (otherwise, targets) = targets.split_last().unwrap();
             bx.switch(
                 discr.immediate(),
@@ -308,6 +331,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
 
         if let ty::InstanceDef::DropGlue(_, None) = drop_fn.def {
             // we don't actually need to drop anything.
+            helper.maybe_sideeffect(self.mir, &mut bx, &[target]);
             helper.funclet_br(self, &mut bx, target);
             return
         }
@@ -338,6 +362,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                  FnType::of_instance(&bx, drop_fn))
             }
         };
+        helper.maybe_sideeffect(self.mir, &mut bx, &[target]);
         helper.do_call(self, &mut bx, fn_ty, drop_fn, args,
                        Some((ReturnDest::Nothing, target)),
                        unwind);
@@ -373,6 +398,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
 
         // Don't codegen the panic block if success if known.
         if const_cond == Some(expected) {
+            helper.maybe_sideeffect(self.mir, &mut bx, &[target]);
             helper.funclet_br(self, &mut bx, target);
             return;
         }
@@ -383,6 +409,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
         // Create the failure block and the conditional branch to it.
         let lltarget = helper.llblock(self, target);
         let panic_block = self.new_block("panic");
+        helper.maybe_sideeffect(self.mir, &mut bx, &[target]);
         if expected {
             bx.cond_br(cond, lltarget, panic_block.llbb());
         } else {
@@ -486,6 +513,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
             if let Some(destination_ref) = destination.as_ref() {
                 let &(ref dest, target) = destination_ref;
                 self.codegen_transmute(&mut bx, &args[0], dest);
+                helper.maybe_sideeffect(self.mir, &mut bx, &[target]);
                 helper.funclet_br(self, &mut bx, target);
             } else {
                 // If we are trying to transmute to an uninhabited type,
@@ -513,6 +541,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
             Some(ty::InstanceDef::DropGlue(_, None)) => {
                 // Empty drop glue; a no-op.
                 let &(_, target) = destination.as_ref().unwrap();
+                helper.maybe_sideeffect(self.mir, &mut bx, &[target]);
                 helper.funclet_br(self, &mut bx, target);
                 return;
             }
@@ -549,6 +578,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                 let fn_ty = FnType::of_instance(&bx, instance);
                 let llfn = bx.get_fn(instance);
 
+                if let Some((_, target)) = destination.as_ref() {
+                    helper.maybe_sideeffect(self.mir, &mut bx, &[*target]);
+                }
                 // Codegen the actual panic invoke/call.
                 helper.do_call(
                     self,
@@ -561,7 +593,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                 );
             } else {
                 // a NOP
-                helper.funclet_br(self, &mut bx, destination.as_ref().unwrap().1)
+                let target = destination.as_ref().unwrap().1;
+                helper.maybe_sideeffect(self.mir, &mut bx, &[target]);
+                helper.funclet_br(self, &mut bx, target);
             }
             return;
         }
@@ -670,6 +704,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
             }
 
             if let Some((_, target)) = *destination {
+                helper.maybe_sideeffect(self.mir, &mut bx, &[target]);
                 helper.funclet_br(self, &mut bx, target);
             } else {
                 bx.unreachable();
@@ -762,6 +797,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
             _ => span_bug!(span, "no llfn for call"),
         };
 
+        if let Some((_, target)) = destination.as_ref() {
+            helper.maybe_sideeffect(self.mir, &mut bx, &[*target]);
+        }
         helper.do_call(self, &mut bx, fn_ty, fn_ptr, &llargs,
                        destination.as_ref().map(|&(_, target)| (ret_dest, target)),
                        cleanup);
@@ -811,6 +849,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
             }
 
             mir::TerminatorKind::Goto { target } => {
+                helper.maybe_sideeffect(self.mir, &mut bx, &[target]);
                 helper.funclet_br(self, &mut bx, target);
             }
 

src/librustc_codegen_ssa/mir/mod.rs

@@ -200,6 +200,8 @@ pub fn codegen_mir<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>>(
         bx.set_personality_fn(cx.eh_personality());
     }
 
+    bx.sideeffect();
+
     let cleanup_kinds = analyze::cleanup_kinds(&mir);
     // Allocate a `Block` for every basic block, except
     // the start block, if nothing loops back to it.

src/librustc_codegen_ssa/traits/intrinsic.rs

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ pub trait IntrinsicCallMethods<'tcx>: BackendTypes {
     fn abort(&mut self);
     fn assume(&mut self, val: Self::Value);
     fn expect(&mut self, cond: Self::Value, expected: bool) -> Self::Value;
+    fn sideeffect(&mut self);
     /// Trait method used to inject `va_start` on the "spoofed" `VaListImpl` in
     /// Rust defined C-variadic functions.
     fn va_start(&mut self, val: Self::Value) -> Self::Value;

src/test/codegen/non-terminate/infinite-loop-1.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// compile-flags: -C opt-level=3 -Z insert-sideeffect
+
+#![crate_type = "lib"]
+
+fn infinite_loop() -> u8 {
+    loop {}
+}
+
+// CHECK-LABEL: @test
+#[no_mangle]
+fn test() -> u8 {
+    // CHECK-NOT: unreachable
+    // CHECK: br label %{{.+}}
+    // CHECK-NOT: unreachable
+    let x = infinite_loop();
+    x
+}

src/test/codegen/non-terminate/infinite-loop-2.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// compile-flags: -C opt-level=3 -Z insert-sideeffect
+
+#![crate_type = "lib"]
+
+fn infinite_loop() -> u8 {
+    let i = 2;
+    while i > 1 {}
+    1
+}
+
+// CHECK-LABEL: @test
+#[no_mangle]
+fn test() -> u8 {
+    // CHECK-NOT: unreachable
+    // CHECK: br label %{{.+}}
+    // CHECK-NOT: unreachable
+    let x = infinite_loop();
+    x
+}

src/test/codegen/non-terminate/infinite-recursion.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// compile-flags: -C opt-level=3 -Z insert-sideeffect
+
+#![crate_type = "lib"]
+
+#![allow(unconditional_recursion)]
+
+// CHECK-LABEL: @infinite_recursion
+#[no_mangle]
+fn infinite_recursion() -> u8 {
+    // CHECK-NOT: ret i8 undef
+    // CHECK: br label %{{.+}}
+    // CHECK-NOT: ret i8 undef
+    infinite_recursion()
+}