rustc: Implement the #[global_allocator] attribute

This PR is an implementation of [RFC 1974] which specifies a new method of
defining a global allocator for a program. This obsoletes the old
`#![allocator]` attribute and also removes support for it.

[RFC 1974]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/197

The new `#[global_allocator]` attribute solves many issues encountered with the
`#![allocator]` attribute such as composition and restrictions on the crate
graph itself. The compiler now has much more control over the ABI of the
allocator and how it's implemented, allowing much more freedom in terms of how
this feature is implemented.

cc #27389

src/test/compile-fail/allocator/function-allocator.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+#![feature(global_allocator)]
+
+#[global_allocator]
+fn foo() {} //~ ERROR: allocators must be statics
+
+fn main() {}