Move logic for test output generation forward

By performing this logic very late in the build process, it ended up leading to
bugs like those found in #10973 where certain stages of the build process
expected a particular output format which didn't end up being the case. In order
to fix this, the build output generation is moved very early in the build
process to the absolute first thing in phase 2.

Closes #10973

src/test/run-make/no-intermediate-extras/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Regression test for issue #10973
+
+-include ../tools.mk
+
+all:
+	$(RUSTC) --rlib --test foo.rs
+	rm $(TMPDIR)/foo.bc && exit 1 || exit 0