project: add a recursion limit to "tail-recursive" projections

Fixes #21946
Fixes #23992
Fixes #25945

src/test/compile-fail/issue-21946.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+trait Foo {
+    type A;
+}
+
+struct FooStruct;
+
+impl Foo for FooStruct {
+//~^ ERROR overflow evaluating the requirement `<FooStruct as Foo>::A`
+    type A = <FooStruct as Foo>::A;
+}
+
+fn main() {}