Auto merge of #9295 - Guilherme-Vasconcelos:manual-empty-string-creation, r=dswij

Add `manual_empty_string_creations` lint

Closes #2972

- [x] Followed [lint naming conventions][lint_naming]
- [x] Added passing UI tests (including committed `.stderr` file)
- [x] `cargo test` passes locally
- [x] Executed `cargo dev update_lints`
- [x] Added lint documentation
- [x] Run `cargo dev fmt`

changelog: [`manual_empty_string_creations`]: Add lint for empty String not being created with `String::new()`

tests/ui/case_sensitive_file_extension_comparisons.rs

@@ -14,31 +14,31 @@ fn is_rust_file(filename: &str) -> bool {
 
 fn main() {
     // std::string::String and &str should trigger the lint failure with .ext12
-    let _ = String::from("").ends_with(".ext12");
+    let _ = String::new().ends_with(".ext12");
     let _ = "str".ends_with(".ext12");
 
     // The test struct should not trigger the lint failure with .ext12
     TestStruct {}.ends_with(".ext12");
 
     // std::string::String and &str should trigger the lint failure with .EXT12
-    let _ = String::from("").ends_with(".EXT12");
+    let _ = String::new().ends_with(".EXT12");
     let _ = "str".ends_with(".EXT12");
 
     // The test struct should not trigger the lint failure with .EXT12
     TestStruct {}.ends_with(".EXT12");
 
     // Should not trigger the lint failure with .eXT12
-    let _ = String::from("").ends_with(".eXT12");
+    let _ = String::new().ends_with(".eXT12");
     let _ = "str".ends_with(".eXT12");
     TestStruct {}.ends_with(".eXT12");
 
     // Should not trigger the lint failure with .EXT123 (too long)
-    let _ = String::from("").ends_with(".EXT123");
+    let _ = String::new().ends_with(".EXT123");
     let _ = "str".ends_with(".EXT123");
     TestStruct {}.ends_with(".EXT123");
 
     // Shouldn't fail if it doesn't start with a dot
-    let _ = String::from("").ends_with("a.ext");
+    let _ = String::new().ends_with("a.ext");
     let _ = "str".ends_with("a.extA");
     TestStruct {}.ends_with("a.ext");
 }

tests/ui/case_sensitive_file_extension_comparisons.stderr

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ LL |     filename.ends_with(".rs")
    = help: consider using a case-insensitive comparison instead
 
 error: case-sensitive file extension comparison
-  --> $DIR/case_sensitive_file_extension_comparisons.rs:17:30
+  --> $DIR/case_sensitive_file_extension_comparisons.rs:17:27
    |
-LL |     let _ = String::from("").ends_with(".ext12");
-   |                              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+LL |     let _ = String::new().ends_with(".ext12");
+   |                           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |
    = help: consider using a case-insensitive comparison instead
 
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ LL |     let _ = "str".ends_with(".ext12");
    = help: consider using a case-insensitive comparison instead
 
 error: case-sensitive file extension comparison
-  --> $DIR/case_sensitive_file_extension_comparisons.rs:24:30
+  --> $DIR/case_sensitive_file_extension_comparisons.rs:24:27
    |
-LL |     let _ = String::from("").ends_with(".EXT12");
-   |                              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+LL |     let _ = String::new().ends_with(".EXT12");
+   |                           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |
    = help: consider using a case-insensitive comparison instead
 

tests/ui/format.fixed

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ fn main() {
     format!("foo {}", "bar");
     format!("{} bar", "foo");
 
-    let arg: String = "".to_owned();
+    let arg = String::new();
     arg.to_string();
     format!("{:?}", arg); // Don't warn about debug.
     format!("{:8}", arg);

tests/ui/format.rs

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ fn main() {
     format!("foo {}", "bar");
     format!("{} bar", "foo");
 
-    let arg: String = "".to_owned();
+    let arg = String::new();
     format!("{}", arg);
     format!("{:?}", arg); // Don't warn about debug.
     format!("{:8}", arg);

tests/ui/identity_op.fixed

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ fn main() {
     &x;
     x;
 
-    let mut a = A("".into());
+    let mut a = A(String::new());
     let b = a << 0; // no error: non-integer
 
     1 * Meter; // no error: non-integer

tests/ui/identity_op.rs

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ fn main() {
     &x >> 0;
     x >> &0;
 
-    let mut a = A("".into());
+    let mut a = A(String::new());
     let b = a << 0; // no error: non-integer
 
     1 * Meter; // no error: non-integer

tests/ui/manual_empty_string_creations.fixed

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// run-rustfix
+
+#![warn(clippy::manual_empty_string_creations)]
+
+macro_rules! create_strings_from_macro {
+    // When inside a macro, nothing should warn to prevent false positives.
+    ($some_str:expr) => {
+        let _: String = $some_str.into();
+        let _ = $some_str.to_string();
+    };
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // Method calls
+    let _ = String::new();
+    let _ = "no warning".to_string();
+
+    let _ = String::new();
+    let _ = "no warning".to_owned();
+
+    let _: String = String::new();
+    let _: String = "no warning".into();
+
+    let _: SomeOtherStruct = "no warning".into();
+    let _: SomeOtherStruct = "".into(); // No warning too. We are not converting into String.
+
+    // Calls
+    let _ = String::new();
+    let _ = String::new();
+    let _ = String::from("no warning");
+    let _ = SomeOtherStruct::from("no warning");
+    let _ = SomeOtherStruct::from(""); // Again: no warning.
+
+    let _ = String::new();
+    let _ = String::try_from("no warning").unwrap();
+    let _ = String::try_from("no warning").expect("this should not warn");
+    let _ = SomeOtherStruct::try_from("no warning").unwrap();
+    let _ = SomeOtherStruct::try_from("").unwrap(); // Again: no warning.
+
+    let _: String = String::new();
+    let _: String = From::from("no warning");
+    let _: SomeOtherStruct = From::from("no warning");
+    let _: SomeOtherStruct = From::from(""); // Again: no warning.
+
+    let _: String = String::new();
+    let _: String = TryFrom::try_from("no warning").unwrap();
+    let _: String = TryFrom::try_from("no warning").expect("this should not warn");
+    let _: String = String::new();
+    let _: SomeOtherStruct = TryFrom::try_from("no_warning").unwrap();
+    let _: SomeOtherStruct = TryFrom::try_from("").unwrap(); // Again: no warning.
+
+    // Macros (never warn)
+    create_strings_from_macro!("");
+    create_strings_from_macro!("Hey");
+}
+
+struct SomeOtherStruct {}
+
+impl From<&str> for SomeOtherStruct {
+    fn from(_value: &str) -> Self {
+        Self {}
+    }
+}

tests/ui/manual_empty_string_creations.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// run-rustfix
+
+#![warn(clippy::manual_empty_string_creations)]
+
+macro_rules! create_strings_from_macro {
+    // When inside a macro, nothing should warn to prevent false positives.
+    ($some_str:expr) => {
+        let _: String = $some_str.into();
+        let _ = $some_str.to_string();
+    };
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // Method calls
+    let _ = "".to_string();
+    let _ = "no warning".to_string();
+
+    let _ = "".to_owned();
+    let _ = "no warning".to_owned();
+
+    let _: String = "".into();
+    let _: String = "no warning".into();
+
+    let _: SomeOtherStruct = "no warning".into();
+    let _: SomeOtherStruct = "".into(); // No warning too. We are not converting into String.
+
+    // Calls
+    let _ = String::from("");
+    let _ = <String>::from("");
+    let _ = String::from("no warning");
+    let _ = SomeOtherStruct::from("no warning");
+    let _ = SomeOtherStruct::from(""); // Again: no warning.
+
+    let _ = String::try_from("").unwrap();
+    let _ = String::try_from("no warning").unwrap();
+    let _ = String::try_from("no warning").expect("this should not warn");
+    let _ = SomeOtherStruct::try_from("no warning").unwrap();
+    let _ = SomeOtherStruct::try_from("").unwrap(); // Again: no warning.
+
+    let _: String = From::from("");
+    let _: String = From::from("no warning");
+    let _: SomeOtherStruct = From::from("no warning");
+    let _: SomeOtherStruct = From::from(""); // Again: no warning.
+
+    let _: String = TryFrom::try_from("").unwrap();
+    let _: String = TryFrom::try_from("no warning").unwrap();
+    let _: String = TryFrom::try_from("no warning").expect("this should not warn");
+    let _: String = TryFrom::try_from("").expect("this should warn");
+    let _: SomeOtherStruct = TryFrom::try_from("no_warning").unwrap();
+    let _: SomeOtherStruct = TryFrom::try_from("").unwrap(); // Again: no warning.
+
+    // Macros (never warn)
+    create_strings_from_macro!("");
+    create_strings_from_macro!("Hey");
+}
+
+struct SomeOtherStruct {}
+
+impl From<&str> for SomeOtherStruct {
+    fn from(_value: &str) -> Self {
+        Self {}
+    }
+}

tests/ui/manual_empty_string_creations.stderr

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+error: empty String is being created manually
+  --> $DIR/manual_empty_string_creations.rs:15:13
+   |
+LL |     let _ = "".to_string();
+   |             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: consider using: `String::new()`
+   |
+   = note: `-D clippy::manual-empty-string-creations` implied by `-D warnings`
+
+error: empty String is being created manually
+  --> $DIR/manual_empty_string_creations.rs:18:13
+   |
+LL |     let _ = "".to_owned();
+   |             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: consider using: `String::new()`
+
+error: empty String is being created manually
+  --> $DIR/manual_empty_string_creations.rs:21:21
+   |
+LL |     let _: String = "".into();
+   |                     ^^^^^^^^^ help: consider using: `String::new()`
+
+error: empty String is being created manually
+  --> $DIR/manual_empty_string_creations.rs:28:13
+   |
+LL |     let _ = String::from("");
+   |             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: consider using: `String::new()`
+
+error: empty String is being created manually
+  --> $DIR/manual_empty_string_creations.rs:29:13
+   |
+LL |     let _ = <String>::from("");
+   |             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: consider using: `String::new()`
+
+error: empty String is being created manually
+  --> $DIR/manual_empty_string_creations.rs:34:13
+   |
+LL |     let _ = String::try_from("").unwrap();
+   |             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: consider using: `String::new()`
+
+error: empty String is being created manually
+  --> $DIR/manual_empty_string_creations.rs:40:21
+   |
+LL |     let _: String = From::from("");
+   |                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: consider using: `String::new()`
+
+error: empty String is being created manually
+  --> $DIR/manual_empty_string_creations.rs:45:21
+   |
+LL |     let _: String = TryFrom::try_from("").unwrap();
+   |                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: consider using: `String::new()`
+
+error: empty String is being created manually
+  --> $DIR/manual_empty_string_creations.rs:48:21
+   |
+LL |     let _: String = TryFrom::try_from("").expect("this should warn");
+   |                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: consider using: `String::new()`
+
+error: aborting due to 9 previous errors
+

tests/ui/or_fun_call.fixed

@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ fn or_fun_call() {
     let mut btree_vec = BTreeMap::<u64, Vec<i32>>::new();
     btree_vec.entry(42).or_insert(vec![]);
 
-    let stringy = Some(String::from(""));
-    let _ = stringy.unwrap_or_else(|| "".to_owned());
+    let stringy = Some(String::new());
+    let _ = stringy.unwrap_or_default();
 
     let opt = Some(1);
     let hello = "Hello";

tests/ui/or_fun_call.rs

@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ fn or_fun_call() {
     let mut btree_vec = BTreeMap::<u64, Vec<i32>>::new();
     btree_vec.entry(42).or_insert(vec![]);
 
-    let stringy = Some(String::from(""));
-    let _ = stringy.unwrap_or("".to_owned());
+    let stringy = Some(String::new());
+    let _ = stringy.unwrap_or(String::new());
 
     let opt = Some(1);
     let hello = "Hello";

tests/ui/or_fun_call.stderr

@@ -66,11 +66,11 @@ error: use of `unwrap_or` followed by a function call
 LL |     without_default.unwrap_or(Foo::new());
    |                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: try this: `unwrap_or_else(Foo::new)`
 
-error: use of `unwrap_or` followed by a function call
+error: use of `unwrap_or` followed by a call to `new`
   --> $DIR/or_fun_call.rs:94:21
    |
-LL |     let _ = stringy.unwrap_or("".to_owned());
-   |                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: try this: `unwrap_or_else(|| "".to_owned())`
+LL |     let _ = stringy.unwrap_or(String::new());
+   |                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: try this: `unwrap_or_default()`
 
 error: use of `unwrap_or` followed by a function call
   --> $DIR/or_fun_call.rs:102:21

tests/ui/string_add.rs

@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ extern crate macro_rules;
 #[allow(clippy::string_add_assign, unused)]
 fn main() {
     // ignores assignment distinction
-    let mut x = "".to_owned();
+    let mut x = String::new();
 
     for _ in 1..3 {
         x = x + ".";
     }
 
-    let y = "".to_owned();
+    let y = String::new();
     let z = y + "...";
 
     assert_eq!(&x, &z);

tests/ui/string_add_assign.fixed

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@
 #[warn(clippy::string_add_assign)]
 fn main() {
     // ignores assignment distinction
-    let mut x = "".to_owned();
+    let mut x = String::new();
 
     for _ in 1..3 {
         x += ".";
     }
 
-    let y = "".to_owned();
+    let y = String::new();
     let z = y + "...";
 
     assert_eq!(&x, &z);

tests/ui/string_add_assign.rs

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@
 #[warn(clippy::string_add_assign)]
 fn main() {
     // ignores assignment distinction
-    let mut x = "".to_owned();
+    let mut x = String::new();
 
     for _ in 1..3 {
         x = x + ".";
     }
 
-    let y = "".to_owned();
+    let y = String::new();
     let z = y + "...";
 
     assert_eq!(&x, &z);

tests/ui/unnecessary_owned_empty_strings.fixed

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ fn main() {
     ref_str_argument("");
 
     // should be linted
+    #[allow(clippy::manual_empty_string_creations)]
     ref_str_argument("");
 
     // should not be linted

tests/ui/unnecessary_owned_empty_strings.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ fn main() {
     ref_str_argument(&String::new());
 
     // should be linted
+    #[allow(clippy::manual_empty_string_creations)]
     ref_str_argument(&String::from(""));
 
     // should not be linted

tests/ui/unnecessary_owned_empty_strings.stderr

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ LL |     ref_str_argument(&String::new());
    = note: `-D clippy::unnecessary-owned-empty-strings` implied by `-D warnings`
 
 error: usage of `&String::from("")` for a function expecting a `&str` argument
-  --> $DIR/unnecessary_owned_empty_strings.rs:15:22
+  --> $DIR/unnecessary_owned_empty_strings.rs:16:22
    |
 LL |     ref_str_argument(&String::from(""));
    |                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: try: `""`

tests/ui/useless_conversion_try.rs

@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ fn main() {
     let _ = String::try_from("foo".to_string()).unwrap();
     let _ = String::try_from(format!("A: {:04}", 123)).unwrap();
     let _: String = format!("Hello {}", "world").try_into().unwrap();
-    let _: String = "".to_owned().try_into().unwrap();
+    let _: String = String::new().try_into().unwrap();
     let _: String = match String::from("_").try_into() {
         Ok(a) => a,
-        Err(_) => "".into(),
+        Err(_) => String::new(),
     };
     // FIXME this is a false negative
     #[allow(clippy::cmp_owned)]

tests/ui/useless_conversion_try.stderr

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ LL |     let _: String = format!("Hello {}", "world").try_into().unwrap();
 error: useless conversion to the same type: `std::string::String`
   --> $DIR/useless_conversion_try.rs:32:21
    |
-LL |     let _: String = "".to_owned().try_into().unwrap();
+LL |     let _: String = String::new().try_into().unwrap();
    |                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |
    = help: consider removing `.try_into()`