Auto merge of #143036 - compiler-errors:no-dyn-star, r=oli-obk

Remove support for `dyn*` from the compiler

This PR removes support for `dyn*` (https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/102425), which are a currently un-RFC'd experiment that was opened a few years ago to explore a component that we thought was necessary for AFIDT (async fn in dyn trait).

It doesn't seem like we are going to need `dyn*` types -- even in an not-exposed-to-the-user way[^1] -- for us to implement AFIDT. Given that AFIDT was the original motivating purpose of `dyn*` types, I don't really see a compelling reason to have to maintain their implementation in the compiler.

[^1]: Compared to, e.g., generators whih are an unstable building block we use to implement stable syntax like `async {}`.

We've learned quite a lot from `dyn*`, but I think at this point its current behavior leads to more questions than answers. For example, `dyn*` support today remains somewhat fragile; it ICEs in many cases where the current "normal" `dyn Trait` types rely on their unsizedness for their vtable-based implementation to be sound I wouldn't be surprised if it's unsound in other ways, though I didn't play around with it too much. See the examples below.

```rust
#![feature(dyn_star)]

trait Foo {
    fn hello(self);
}

impl Foo for usize {
    fn hello(self) {
        println!("hello, world");
    }
}

fn main() {
    let x: dyn* Foo = 1usize;
    x.hello();
}
```

And:

```rust
#![feature(dyn_star)]

trait Trait {
    type Out where Self: Sized;
}

fn main() {
    let x: <dyn* Trait as Trait>::Out;
}
```

...and probably many more problems having to do with the intersection of dyn-compatibility and `Self: Sized` bounds that I was too lazy to look into like:
* GATs
* Methods with invalid signatures
* Associated consts

Generally, `dyn*` types also end up getting in the way of working with [normal `dyn` types](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/102425#issuecomment-1712604409) to an extent that IMO outweighs the benefit of experimentation.

I recognize that there are probably other, more creative usages of `dyn*` that are orthogonal to AFIDT. However, I think any work along those lines should first have to think through some of the more fundamental interactions between `dyn*` and dyn-compatibility before we think about reimplementing them in the type system.

---

I'm planning on removing the `DynKind` enum and the `PointerLike` built-in trait from the compiler after this PR lands.

Closes rust-lang/rust#102425.

cc `@eholk` `@rust-lang/lang` `@rust-lang/types`

Closes rust-lang/rust#116979.
Closes rust-lang/rust#119694.
Closes rust-lang/rust#134591.
Closes rust-lang/rust#104800.

clippy_utils/src/qualify_min_const_fn.rs

@@ -175,10 +175,6 @@ fn check_rvalue<'tcx>(
         Rvalue::Cast(CastKind::PointerExposeProvenance, _, _) => {
             Err((span, "casting pointers to ints is unstable in const fn".into()))
         },
-        Rvalue::Cast(CastKind::PointerCoercion(PointerCoercion::DynStar, _), _, _) => {
-            // FIXME(dyn-star)
-            unimplemented!()
-        },
         Rvalue::Cast(CastKind::Transmute, _, _) => Err((
             span,
             "transmute can attempt to turn pointers into integers, so is unstable in const fn".into(),