Auto merge of #96806 - cjgillot:codegen-fulfill-nice, r=oli-obk

Gracefully fail to resolve associated items instead of `delay_span_bug`.

`codegen_fulfill_obligation` is used during instance resolution for trait items.

In case of insufficient normalization issues during MIR inlining, it caused ICEs.
It's better to gracefully refuse to resolve the associated item, and let the caller decide what to do with this.

Split from https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/91743
Closes #69121
Closes #73021
Closes #88599
Closes #93008
Closes #93248
Closes #94680
Closes #96170
r? `@oli-obk`

src/tools/clippy/tests/ui/crashes/ice-6252.stderr

@@ -30,7 +30,15 @@ LL |     const VAL: T;
 LL | impl<N, M> TypeVal<usize> for Multiply<N, M> where N: TypeVal<VAL> {}
    | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ missing `VAL` in implementation
 
-error: aborting due to 3 previous errors
+error: constant expression depends on a generic parameter
+  --> $DIR/ice-6252.rs:13:9
+   |
+LL |     [1; <Multiply<Five, Five>>::VAL];
+   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+   |
+   = note: this may fail depending on what value the parameter takes
+
+error: aborting due to 4 previous errors
 
 Some errors have detailed explanations: E0046, E0412.
 For more information about an error, try `rustc --explain E0046`.