Rollup merge of #134898 - Kobzol:ci-python-script, r=MarcoIeni

Make it easier to run CI jobs locally

This PR extends the Python CI script to perform a poor man's CI-like execution of a given CI job locally. It's not perfect, but it's better than nothing.

r? `@jieyouxu`

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # and also on pushes to special branches (auto, try).
 #
 # The actual definition of the executed jobs is calculated by a Python
-# script located at src/ci/github-actions/calculate-job-matrix.py, which
+# script located at src/ci/github-actions/ci.py, which
 # uses job definition data from src/ci/github-actions/jobs.yml.
 # You should primarily modify the `jobs.yml` file if you want to modify
 # what jobs are executed in CI.
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Calculate the CI job matrix
         env:
           COMMIT_MESSAGE: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
-        run: python3 src/ci/github-actions/calculate-job-matrix.py >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        run: python3 src/ci/github-actions/ci.py calculate-job-matrix >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
         id: jobs
   job:
     name: ${{ matrix.name }}