CFI: Handle dyn with no principal

In user-facing Rust, `dyn` always has at least one predicate following
it. Unfortunately, because we filter out marker traits from receivers at
callsites and `dyn Sync` is, for example, legal, this results in us
having `dyn` types with no predicates on occasion in our alias set
encoding. This patch handles cases where there are no predicates in a
`dyn` type which are relevant to its alias set.

Fixes #122998

tests/ui/sanitizer/cfi-drop-no-principal.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Check that dropping a trait object without a principal trait succeeds
+
+//@ needs-sanitizer-cfi
+// FIXME(#122848) Remove only-linux once OSX CFI binaries works
+//@ only-linux
+//@ compile-flags: --crate-type=bin -Cprefer-dynamic=off -Clto -Zsanitizer=cfi
+//@ compile-flags: -C target-feature=-crt-static -C codegen-units=1 -C opt-level=0
+// FIXME(#118761) Should be run-pass once the labels on drop are compatible.
+// This test is being landed ahead of that to test that the compiler doesn't ICE while labeling the
+// callsite for a drop, but the vtable doesn't have the correct label yet.
+//@ build-pass
+
+struct CustomDrop;
+
+impl Drop for CustomDrop {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {}
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let _ = Box::new(CustomDrop) as Box<dyn Send>;
+}