futz with headers more
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data.md
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data.md
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@ -4,7 +4,10 @@ Low-level programming cares a lot about data layout. It's a big deal. It also pe
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influences the rest of the language, so we're going to start by digging into how data is
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represented in Rust.
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## The rust repr
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# The rust repr
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Rust gives you the following ways to lay out composite data:
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@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ In principle enums can use fairly elaborate algorithms to cache bits throughout
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with special constrained representations. As such it is *especially* desirable that we leave
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enum layout unspecified today.
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## Dynamically Sized Types (DSTs)
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# Dynamically Sized Types (DSTs)
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Rust also supports types without a statically known size. On the surface,
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this is a bit nonsensical: Rust must know the size of something in order to
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@ -150,6 +153,9 @@ struct Foo {
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}
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```
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# Zero Sized Types (ZSTs)
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Rust actually allows types to be specified that occupy *no* space:
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@ -182,6 +188,9 @@ consequence of types with no size. In particular, pointer offsets are no-ops, an
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standard allocators (including jemalloc, the one used by Rust) generally consider
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passing in `0` as Undefined Behaviour.
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# Drop Flags
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For unfortunate legacy implementation reasons, Rust as of 1.0.0 will do a nasty trick to
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@ -212,12 +221,17 @@ struct Foo {
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For details as to *why* this is done, and how to make it not happen, check out
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[SOME OTHER SECTION].
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## Alternative representations
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# Alternative representations
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Rust allows you to specify alternative data layout strategies from the default Rust
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one.
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### repr(C)
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## repr(C)
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This is the most important `repr`. It has fairly simple intent: do what C does.
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The order, size, and alignment of fields is exactly what you would expect from
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@ -241,14 +255,18 @@ still consumes a byte of space.
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* This is equivalent to repr(u32) for enums (see below)
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### repr(packed)
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## repr(packed)
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`repr(packed)` forces rust to strip any padding it would normally apply.
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This may improve the memory footprint of a type, but will have negative
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side-effects from "field access is heavily penalized" to "completely breaks
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everything" based on target platform.
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### repr(u8), repr(u16), repr(u32), repr(u64)
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## repr(u8), repr(u16), repr(u32), repr(u64)
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These specify the size to make a c-like enum (one which has no values in its variants).
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