Check user type annotations for range patterns.

This commit builds on the fix from #58161 (which fixed miscompilation
caused by the introduction of `AscribeUserType` patterns for associated
constants) to start checking these patterns are well-formed for ranges
(previous fix just ignored them so that miscompilation wouldn't occur).

src/test/ui/nll/issue-58299.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+#![feature(nll)]
+
+struct A<'a>(&'a ());
+
+trait Y {
+    const X: i32;
+}
+
+impl Y for A<'static> {
+    const X: i32 = 10;
+}
+
+fn foo<'a>(x: i32) {
+    match x {
+        // This uses <A<'a> as Y>::X, but `A<'a>` does not implement `Y`.
+        A::<'a>::X..=A::<'static>::X => (), //~ ERROR lifetime may not live long enough
+        _ => (),
+    }
+}
+
+fn bar<'a>(x: i32) {
+    match x {
+        // This uses <A<'a> as Y>::X, but `A<'a>` does not implement `Y`.
+        A::<'static>::X..=A::<'a>::X => (), //~ ERROR lifetime may not live long enough
+        _ => (),
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {}

src/test/ui/nll/issue-58299.stderr

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+error: lifetime may not live long enough
+  --> $DIR/issue-58299.rs:17:9
+   |
+LL | fn foo<'a>(x: i32) {
+   |        -- lifetime `'a` defined here
+...
+LL |         A::<'a>::X..=A::<'static>::X => (), //~ ERROR lifetime may not live long enough
+   |         ^^^^^^^^^^ requires that `'a` must outlive `'static`
+
+error: lifetime may not live long enough
+  --> $DIR/issue-58299.rs:25:27
+   |
+LL | fn bar<'a>(x: i32) {
+   |        -- lifetime `'a` defined here
+...
+LL |         A::<'static>::X..=A::<'a>::X => (), //~ ERROR lifetime may not live long enough
+   |                           ^^^^^^^^^^ requires that `'a` must outlive `'static`
+
+error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
+