document assumptions about `Clone` and `Eq` traits
Most standard library collections break if `Clone` has a non-standard implementation which violates `x.clone() == x`. [Here](https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2024&gist=b7fc6dfa8410cbb673eb8d38393d81de) the resulting broken behaviour of different collections is shown. I originally created an issue at https://github.com/rust-lang/hashbrown/issues/629, but the conclusion there was that `x.clone()` resulting in an object that compares equal to the original one is probably a very universal assumption. However, this assumption is (to my knowledge) not documented anywhere.
I propose to make this assumption explicit in the `Clone` trait documentation. The property that seems the most reasonable to me is the following: When implementing both `Clone` and `PartialEq`, then
```text
x == x -> x.clone() == x
```
is expected to hold. This way, when also implementing `Eq`, it automatically follows that `x.clone() == x` has to hold, which should be enough for the collections to not break. At the same time, the property also works for the "normal" elements of a type with `PartialEq`. For the wording, I tried to follow the [`Hash` and `Eq`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/hash/trait.Hash.html#hash-and-eq) documentation.
As I am fairly new to Rust, it might well be that this property cannot be generally expected – it seems reasonable to me, but any counter-examples or critique, both content- and wording-wise, would be very welcome. If the property turns out to be too general, I would suggest to at least document the assumption of `x.clone() == x` for the collections somehow.
An additional thought of mine:
If it is indeed generally expected that `x == x -> x.clone() == x`, then, for the sake of completeness, one could also define that `x != x -> y != y for y = x.clone()` should hold, i.e., that an object that did not compare equal to itself before cloning, should also not compare equal to itself afterwards.
As core uses an extern type (`ptr::VTable`), the default `?Sized` to
`MetaSized` migration isn't sufficient, and some code that previously
accepted `VTable` needs relaxed to continue to accept extern types.
Similarly, the compiler uses many extern types in `rustc_codegen_llvm`
and in the `rustc_middle::ty::List` implementation (`OpaqueListContents`)
some bounds must be relaxed to continue to accept these types.
Unfortunately, due to the current inability to relax `Deref::Target`,
some of the bounds in the standard library are forced to be stricter than
they ideally would be.
This commit improves the Clone trait documentation to address confusion
around what "duplication" means for different types, especially for smart
pointers like Arc<Mutex<T>>.
Signed-off-by: xizheyin <xizheyin@smail.nju.edu.cn>
* Clarify relationship to `dyn` after #133003.
* Add an example of using it with `dyn` as #133003 enabled.
* Add an example of implementing it.
* Add links to Rust Reference for the mentioned concepts.
* Mention that its method should rarely be called.
* Replace parameter name `dst` with `dest` to avoids confusion between
“DeSTination” and “Dynamically-Sized Type”.
* Various small corrections.
Use `std::mem::{size_of, size_of_val, align_of, align_of_val}` from the
prelude instead of importing or qualifying them.
These functions were added to all preludes in Rust 1.80.
This trait allows cloning DSTs, but is unsafe to implement and use
because it writes to possibly-uninitialized memory which must be of the
correct size, and must initialize that memory.
It is only implemented for `T: Clone` and `[T] where T: Clone`, but
additional implementations could be provided for specific `dyn Trait`
or custom-DST types.
This reverts commit 049a917535.
The resolution to <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/123282> is
that the `f16`/`f128` regression in the beta compiler was fixable
without a revert, so the commit adding `#[cfg(not(bootstrap))]` is no
longer useful (added in
<https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/123390>).
Revert this commit because not having these basic impls bootstrap-gated
simplifies everything else that uses them.
detects redundant imports that can be eliminated.
for #117772 :
In order to facilitate review and modification, split the checking code and
removing redundant imports code into two PR.
