Remove `usable_size` APIs
This removes the usable size APIs:
- remove `usable_size` (obv)
- change return type of allocating methods to include the allocated size
- remove `_excess` API
r? @Amanieu
closesrust-lang/wg-allocators#17
Audit liballoc for leaks in `Drop` impls when user destructor panics
Inspired by https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/67243 and https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/67235, this audits and hopefully fixes the remaining `Drop` impls in liballoc for resource leaks in the presence of panics in destructors called by the affected `Drop` impl.
This does not touch `Hash{Map,Set}` since they live in hashbrown. They have similar issues though.
r? @KodrAus
Implement split_inclusive for slice and str
# Overview
* Implement `split_inclusive` for `slice` and `str` and `split_inclusive_mut` for `slice`
* `split_inclusive` is a substring/subslice splitting iterator that includes the matched part in the iterated substrings as a terminator.
* EDIT: The behaviour has now changed, as per @KodrAus 's input, to the same semantics with the `split_terminator` function. I updated the examples below.
* Two examples below:
```Rust
let data = "\nMäry häd ä little lämb\nLittle lämb\n";
let split: Vec<&str> = data.split_inclusive('\n').collect();
assert_eq!(split, ["\n", "Märy häd ä little lämb\n", "Little lämb\n"]);
```
```Rust
let uppercase_separated = "SheePSharKTurtlECaT";
let mut first_char = true;
let split: Vec<&str> = uppercase_separated.split_inclusive(|c: char| {
let split = !first_char && c.is_uppercase();
first_char = split;
split
}).collect();
assert_eq!(split, ["SheeP", "SharK", "TurtlE", "CaT"]);
```
# Justification for the API
* I was surprised to find that stdlib currently only has splitting iterators that leave out the matched part. In my experience, wanting to leave a substring terminator as a part of the substring is a pretty common usecase.
* This API is strictly more expressive than the standard `split` API: it's easy to get the behaviour of `split` by mapping a subslicing operation that drops the terminator. On the other hand it's impossible to derive this behaviour from `split` without using hacky and brittle `unsafe` code. The normal way to achieve this functionality would be implementing the iterator yourself.
* Especially when dealing with mutable slices, the only way currently is to use `split_at_mut`. This API provides an ergonomic alternative that plays to the strengths of the iterating capabilities of Rust. (Using `split_at_mut` iteratively used to be a real pain before NLL, fortunately the situation is a bit better now.)
# Discussion items
* <s>Does it make sense to mimic `split_terminator` in that the final empty slice would be left off in case of the string/slice ending with a terminator? It might do, as this use case is naturally geared towards considering the matching part as a terminator instead of a separator.</s>
* EDIT: The behaviour was changed to mimic `split_terminator`.
* Does it make sense to have `split_inclusive_mut` for `&mut str`?
Derive Clone + Eq for std::string::FromUtf8Error
Implement `Clone` and `Eq` for `std::string::FromUtf8Error`.
Both the inner `Vec<u8>` and `std::str::Utf8Error` are also `Clone + Eq`, so I don't see why we shouldn't derive them on `FromUtf8Error` as well.
(impl are insta-stable, requiring FCP from T-libs.)
Implement clone_from for BTreeMap and BTreeSet
See #28481. This results in up to 90% speedups on simple data types when `self` and `other` are the same size, and is generally comparable or faster. Some concerns:
1. This implementation requires an `Ord` bound on the `Clone` implementation for `BTreeMap` and `BTreeSet`. Since these structs can only be created externally for keys with `Ord` implemented, this should be fine? If not, there's certainly a less safe way to do this.
2. Changing `next_unchecked` on `RangeMut` to return mutable key references allows for replacing the entire overlapping portion of both maps without changing the external interface in any way. However, if `clone_from` fails it can leave the `BTreeMap` in an invalid state, which might be unacceptable.
~This probably needs an FCP since it changes a trait bound, but (as far as I know?) that change cannot break any external code.~
LinkedList: drop remaining items when drop panics
https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/67235, but for `LinkedList`, which has the same issue.
I've also copied over the other drop-related tests from `VecDeque` since AFAICT `LinkedList` didn't have any.
Format liballoc with rustfmt
Same strategy as #66691 -- as with my previous formatting PRs, I am avoiding causing merge conflicts in other PRs by only touches those files that are not involved in any currently open PR. Files that appear in new PRs between when this PR is opened and when it makes it to the top of the bors queue will be reverted from this PR.
The list of files involved in open PRs is determined by querying GitHub's GraphQL API [with this script](https://gist.github.com/dtolnay/aa9c34993dc051a4f344d1b10e4487e8).
With the list of files from the script in outstanding_files, the relevant commands were:
```
$ find src/liballoc -name '*.rs' \
| xargs rustfmt --edition=2018 --unstable-features --skip-children
$ rg liballoc outstanding_files | xargs git checkout --
```
To confirm no funny business:
```
$ git checkout $THIS_COMMIT^
$ git show --pretty= --name-only $THIS_COMMIT \
| xargs rustfmt --edition=2018 --unstable-features --skip-children
$ git diff $THIS_COMMIT # there should be no difference
```
r? @Dylan-DPC
Miri: run panic-catching tests in liballoc
I also converted two tests from using `thread::spawn(...).join()` just for catching panics, to `catch_panic`, so that Miri can run them.
