Implement clone_from for BTreeMap and BTreeSet
See #28481. This results in up to 90% speedups on simple data types when `self` and `other` are the same size, and is generally comparable or faster. Some concerns:
1. This implementation requires an `Ord` bound on the `Clone` implementation for `BTreeMap` and `BTreeSet`. Since these structs can only be created externally for keys with `Ord` implemented, this should be fine? If not, there's certainly a less safe way to do this.
2. Changing `next_unchecked` on `RangeMut` to return mutable key references allows for replacing the entire overlapping portion of both maps without changing the external interface in any way. However, if `clone_from` fails it can leave the `BTreeMap` in an invalid state, which might be unacceptable.
~This probably needs an FCP since it changes a trait bound, but (as far as I know?) that change cannot break any external code.~
Rename `Alloc` to `AllocRef`
The allocator-wg has decided to merge this change upstream in https://github.com/rust-lang/wg-allocators/issues/8#issuecomment-577122958.
This renames `Alloc` to `AllocRef` because types that implement `Alloc` are a reference, smart pointer, or ZSTs. It is not possible to have an allocator like `MyAlloc([u8; N])`, that owns the memory and also implements `Alloc`, since that would mean, that moving a `Vec<T, MyAlloc>` would need to correct the internal pointer, which is not possible as we don't have move constructors.
For further explanation please see https://github.com/rust-lang/wg-allocators/issues/8#issuecomment-489464843 and the comments after that one.
Additionally it clarifies the semantics of `Clone` on an allocator. In the case of `AllocRef`, it is clear that the cloned handle still points to the same allocator instance, and that you can free data allocated from one handle with another handle.
The initial proposal was to rename `Alloc` to `AllocHandle`, but `Ref` expresses the semantics better than `Handle`. Also, the only appearance of `Handle` in `std` are for windows specific resources, which might be confusing.
Blocked on https://github.com/rust-lang/miri/pull/1160
Mainly for API parity with HashMap.
- Add BTreeMap::remove_entry
- Rewrite BTreeMap::remove to use remove_entry
- Use btreemap_remove_entry feature in doc comment
Stabilize ptr::slice_from_raw_parts[_mut]
Closes#36925, the tracking issue.
Initial impl: #60667
r? @rust-lang/libs
In addition to stabilizing, I've adjusted the example of `ptr::slice_from_raw_parts` to use `slice_from_raw_parts` instead of `slice_from_raw_parts_mut`, which was unnecessary for the example as written.
Use pointer offset instead of deref for A/Rc::into_raw
Internals thread: https://internals.rust-lang.org/t/rc-and-internal-mutability/11463/2?u=cad97
The current implementation of (`A`)`Rc::into_raw` uses the `Deref::deref` implementation to get the pointer-to-data that is returned. This is problematic in the proposed Stacked Borrow rules, as this only gets shared provenance over the data location. (Note that the strong/weak counts are `UnsafeCell` (`Cell`/`Atomic`) so shared provenance can still mutate them, but the data itself is not.) When promoted back to a real reference counted pointer, the restored pointer can be used for mutation through `::get_mut` (if it is the only surviving reference). However, this mutates through a pointer ultimately derived from a `&T` borrow, violating the Stacked Borrow rules.
There are three known potential solutions to this issue:
- Stacked Borrows is wrong, liballoc is correct.
- Fully admit (`A`)`Rc` as an "internal mutability" type and store the data payload in an `UnsafeCell` like the strong/weak counts are. (Note: this is not needed generally since the `RcBox`/`ArcInner` is stored behind a shared `NonNull` which maintains shared write provenance as a raw pointer.)
- Adjust `into_raw` to do direct manipulation of the pointer (like `from_raw`) so that it maintains write provenance and doesn't derive the pointer from a reference.
This PR implements the third option, as recommended by @RalfJung.
Potential future work: provide `as_raw` and `clone_raw` associated functions to allow the [`&T` -> (`A`)`Rc<T>` pattern](https://internals.rust-lang.org/t/rc-and-internal-mutability/11463/2?u=cad97) to be used soundly without creating (`A`)`Rc` from references.
Simplify Clone for Box<[T]>
The bespoke `BoxBuilder` was basically a very simple `Vec`. Instead,
let's clone to a real `Vec`, with all of its specialization for the
task, then convert back to `Box<[T]>`.
