Explicitly specify type parameter on FromResidual for Option and ControlFlow.
~~Remove type parameter default `R = <Self as Try>::Residual` from `FromResidual`~~ _Specify default type parameter on `FromResidual` impls in the stdlib_ to work around https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/99940 / https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/87350 ~~as mentioned in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/84277#issuecomment-1773259264~~.
This does not completely fix the issue, but works around it for `Option` and `ControlFlow` specifically (`Result` does not have the issue since it already did not use the default parameter of `FromResidual`).
~~(Does this need an ACP or similar?)~~ ~~This probably needs at least an FCP since it changes the API described in [the RFC](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/3058). Not sure if T-lang, T-libs-api, T-libs, or some combination (The tracking issue is tagged T-lang, T-libs-api).~~ This probably doesn't need T-lang input, since it is not changing the API of `FromResidual` from the RFC? Maybe needs T-libs-api FCP?
Clean and enable `rustdoc::unescaped_backticks` for `core/alloc/std/test/proc_macro`
I am not sure if the lint is supposed to be "ready enough" (since it is `allow` by default), but it does catch a couple issues in `core` (`alloc`, `std`, `test` and `proc_macro` are already clean), so I propose making it `warn` in all the crates rendered in the website.
Cc: `@GuillaumeGomez`
There are only 3 cases across the crates rendered in the website (`core`,
`alloc`, `std`, `proc_macro` and `test`), and they are all in `core`.
Clean them up, so that the lint can be enabled in the next commit.
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
People keep making fun of this signature for being so gnarly.
Associated type bounds lend it a much simpler scribbling.
ChangeOutputType can also come along for the ride.
Harmonize `AsyncFn` implementations, make async closures conditionally impl `Fn*` traits
This PR implements several changes to the built-in and libcore-provided implementations of `Fn*` and `AsyncFn*` to address two problems:
1. async closures do not implement the `Fn*` family traits, leading to breakage: https://crater-reports.s3.amazonaws.com/pr-120361/index.html
2. *references* to async closures do not implement `AsyncFn*`, as a consequence of the existing blanket impls of the shape `AsyncFn for F where F: Fn, F::Output: Future`.
In order to fix (1.), we implement `Fn` traits appropriately for async closures. It turns out that async closures can:
* always implement `FnOnce`, meaning that they're drop-in compatible with `FnOnce`-bound combinators like `Option::map`.
* conditionally implement `Fn`/`FnMut` if they have no captures, which means that existing usages of async closures should *probably* work without breakage (crater checking this: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/120712#issuecomment-1930587805).
In order to fix (2.), we make all of the built-in callables implement `AsyncFn*` via built-in impls, and instead adjust the blanket impls for `AsyncFn*` provided by libcore to match the blanket impls for `Fn*`.
Reconstify `Add`
r? project-const-traits
I'm not happy with the ui test changes (or failures because I did not bless them and include the diffs in this PR). There is at least some bugs I need to look and try fix:
1. A third duplicated diagnostic when a consumer crate that does not have `effects` enabled has a trait selection error for an upstream const_trait trait. See tests/ui/ufcs/ufcs-qpath-self-mismatch.rs.
2. For some reason, making `Add` a const trait would stop us from suggesting `T: Add` when we try to add two `T`s without that bound. See tests/ui/suggestions/issue-97677.rs
Add `AsyncFn` family of traits
I'm proposing to add a new family of `async`hronous `Fn`-like traits to the standard library for experimentation purposes.
## Why do we need new traits?
On the user side, it is useful to be able to express `AsyncFn` trait bounds natively via the parenthesized sugar syntax, i.e. `x: impl AsyncFn(&str) -> String` when experimenting with async-closure code.
This also does not preclude `AsyncFn` becoming something else like a trait alias if a more fundamental desugaring (which can take many[^1] different[^2] forms) comes around. I think we should be able to play around with `AsyncFn` well before that, though.
I'm also not proposing stabilization of these trait names any time soon (we may even want to instead express them via new syntax, like `async Fn() -> ..`), but I also don't think we need to introduce an obtuse bikeshedding name, since `AsyncFn` just makes sense.
## The lending problem: why not add a more fundamental primitive of `LendingFn`/`LendingFnMut`?
Firstly, for `async` closures to be as flexible as possible, they must be allowed to return futures which borrow from the async closure's captures. This can be done by introducing `LendingFn`/`LendingFnMut` traits, or (equivalently) by adding a new generic associated type to `FnMut` which allows the return type to capture lifetimes from the `&mut self` argument of the trait. This was proposed in one of [Niko's blog posts](https://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2023/05/09/giving-lending-and-async-closures/).
Upon further experimentation, for the purposes of closure type- and borrow-checking, I've come to the conclusion that it's significantly harder to teach the compiler how to handle *general* lending closures which may borrow from their captures. This is, because unlike `Fn`/`FnMut`, the `LendingFn`/`LendingFnMut` traits don't form a simple "inheritance" hierarchy whose top trait is `FnOnce`.
```mermaid
flowchart LR
Fn
FnMut
FnOnce
LendingFn
LendingFnMut
Fn -- isa --> FnMut
FnMut -- isa --> FnOnce
LendingFn -- isa --> LendingFnMut
Fn -- isa --> LendingFn
FnMut -- isa --> LendingFnMut
```
For example:
```
fn main() {
let s = String::from("hello, world");
let f = move || &s;
let x = f(); // This borrows `f` for some lifetime `'1` and returns `&'1 String`.
```
That trait hierarchy means that in general for "lending" closures, like `f` above, there's not really a meaningful return type for `<typeof(f) as FnOnce>::Output` -- it can't return `&'static str`, for example.
### Special-casing this problem:
By splitting out these traits manually, and making sure that each trait has its own associated future type, we side-step the issue of having to answer the questions of a general `LendingFn`/`LendingFnMut` implementation, since the compiler knows how to generate built-in implementations for first-class constructs like async closures, including the required future types for the (by-move) `AsyncFnOnce` and (by-ref) `AsyncFnMut`/`AsyncFn` trait implementations.
[^1]: For example, with trait transformers, we may eventually be able to write: `trait AsyncFn = async Fn;`
[^2]: For example, via the introduction of a more fundamental "`LendingFn`" trait, plus a [special desugaring with augmented trait aliases](https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/213817-t-lang/topic/Lending.20closures.20and.20Fn*.28.29.20-.3E.20impl.20Trait/near/408471480).
`#[diagnostic::on_unimplemented]`
This commit replaces those `#[rustc_on_unimplemented]` attributes with
their equivalent `#[diagnostic::on_unimplemented]` where this is
supported (So no filter or any extended option)
