HIR ty lowering: Clean up & refactor the lowering of type-relative paths
While rebasing #126651 I realized that HIR ty lowering could benefit from some *spring cleaning* now that it's been extended to handle RTN and mGCA paths.
More seriously, similar to my merged PR #118668 which unified the handling of all *associated item constraints* (assoc ty, const (ACE) & fn (RTN)), this PR (commit https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/140218/commits/695fcf517d8864b4812225643ef8cfc036ba9f61) partially[^1] deduplicates the resolution code for all *type-relative paths* (assoc ty, const (mGCA) & fn (RTN)).
**Why**? DRY'ing that part of the code means PR #126651 will automatically support RTN paths like `Ty::AssocTy::assoc_fn(..)` and it also implies shared diagnostic code and thus better diagnostics for RTN.
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The other commits represent cleanups, renamings, moves. More notably, I've renamed path lowering methods to be a lot more descriptive, so ones lowering `QPath(Resolved)` paths now have `_resolved_` in their name and ones lowering `QPath(TypeRelative)` paths now have `_type_relative_` in their name. This should make it stupidly obvious what their purpose is.
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Best reviewed commit by commit. The changes are close to trivial but the diff might make it look hairier.
r? compiler-errors
[^1]: Sadly, I couldn't unify as much compared to the other PR without introducing unnecessary `unreachable!()`s or rendering the code otherwise illegible with flags and micro helper traits.
incorrectly prefer builtin `dyn` impls :3
This makes #57893 slightly more exploitable with the new solver. It's still strictly better than the old solver and the underlying unsoundness persists in the new one even without this preference.
Properly fixing #57893 is something we've been looking at more deeply recently and discussed at the [Types Meetup during the All-Hands](https://hackmd.io/rz-4ghMzTb2wXOkdLKHaHw#Dyn-traits). Whatever approach we'll end up deciding on will likely require a fairly long transition period and some significant further design work. This should not block `-Znext-solver`.
fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/trait-system-refactor-initiative/issues/183
r? `@compiler-errors` cc `@rust-lang/types`
Use the new solver in the `impossible_predicates`
The old solver is unsound for many reasons. One of which was weaponized by `@lcnr` in #140212, where the old solver was incompletely considering a dyn vtable method to be impossible and replacing its vtable entry with a null value. This null function could be called post-mono.
The new solver is expected to be less incomplete due to its correct handling of higher-ranked aliases in relate. This PR switches the `impossible_predicates` query to use the new solver, which patches this UB.
r? lcnr
Merge typeck loop with static/const item eval loop
r? `@ghost`
Let's try a small one first. Doing this in general has some bad cache coherence issues because the query caches are laid out in `Vec<QueryResult>` lists per query where each index refers to a `DefId` in the same order as we're iterating. Iterating two or more lists at the same time does have cache issues, so I want to poke a bit at it to see if we can't merge just a few of them at a time.
Only include `dyn Trait<Assoc = ...>` associated type bounds for `Self: Sized` associated types if they are provided
Since #136458, we began filtering out associated types with `Self: Sized` bounds when constructing the list of associated type bounds to put into our `dyn Trait` types. For example, given:
```rust
trait Trait {
type Assoc where Self: Sized;
}
```
After #136458, even if a user writes `dyn Trait<Assoc = ()>`, the lowered ty would have an empty projection list, and thus be equivalent to `dyn Trait`. However, this has the side effect of no longer constraining any types in the RHS of `Assoc = ...`, not implying any WF implied bounds, and not requiring that they hold when unsizing.
After this PR, we include these bounds, but (still) do not require that they are provided. If the are not provided, they are skipped from the projections list.
This results in `dyn Trait` types that have differing numbers of projection bounds. This will lead to re-introducing type mismatches e.g. between `dyn Trait` and `dyn Trait<Assoc = ()>`. However, this is expected and doesn't suffer from any of the deduplication unsoundness from before #136458.
We may want to begin to ignore thse bounds in the future by bumping `unused_associated_type_bounds` to an FCW. I don't want to tangle that up into the fix that was originally intended in #136458, so I'm doing a "fix-forward" in this PR and deferring thinking about this for the future.
Fixes#140645
r? lcnr
Don't ICE on pending obligations from deep normalization in a loop
See the comment I left inline in `compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/normalize.rs`.
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/133868
r? lcnr
Fix replacing supertrait aliases in `ReplaceProjectionWith`
The new solver has a procedure called `predicates_for_object_candidate`, which elaborates the super-bounds and item-bounds that are required to hold for a dyn trait to implement something via a built-in object impl.
In that procedure, there is a folder called `ReplaceProjectionWith` which is responsible for replacing projections that reference `Self`, so that we don't encounter cycles when we then go on to normalize those projections in the process of proving these super-bounds.
That folder had a few problems: Firstly, it wasn't actually checking that this was a super bound originating from `Self`. Secondly, it only accounted for a *single* projection type def id, but trait objects can have multiple (i.e. `trait Foo<A, B>: Bar<A, Assoc = A> + Bar<B, Assoc = B>`).
To fix the first, it's simple enough to just add an equality check for the self ty. To fix the second, I implemented a matching step that's very similar to the `projection_may_match` check we have for upcasting, since on top of having multiple choices, we need to deal with both non-structural matches and ambiguity.
This probably lacks a bit of documentation, but I think it works pretty well.
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/trait-system-refactor-initiative/issues/171
r? lcnr
