Stabilize support for Profile-guided Optimization
This PR makes profile-guided optimization available via the `-C profile-generate` / `-C profile-use` pair of commandline flags and adds end-user documentation for the feature to the [rustc book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/). The PR thus ticks the last two remaining checkboxes of the [stabilization tracking issue](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/59913).
From the tracking issue:
> Profile-guided optimization (PGO) is a common optimization technique for ahead-of-time compilers. It works by collecting data about a program's typical execution (e.g. probability of branches taken, typical runtime values of variables, etc) and then uses this information during program optimization for things like inlining decisions, machine code layout, or indirect call promotion.
If you are curious about how this can be used, there is a rendered version of the documentation this PR adds available [here](
https://github.com/michaelwoerister/rust/blob/stabilize-pgo/src/doc/rustc/src/profile-guided-optimization.md).
r? @alexcrichton
cc @rust-lang/compiler
We've seen quite a few issues with spurious illegal instructions getting
executed on OSX on CI recently. For whatever reason `cc` itself is
executing an illegal instruction and we're not really getting any other
information about what's happening. Since we're already retrying the
linker when it segfaults, let's just continue to retry everything and
automatically reinvoke the linker when it fails with an illegal instruction.
`ByRef` const values have no identity beyond their value, we should not treat them as having identity. The `AllocId` often differed between equal constants, because of the way that the miri-engine evaluates constants.
Refactor C FFI variadics to more closely match their C counterparts, and add Clone implementation
We had to make some changes to expose `va_copy` and `va_end` directly to users (mainly for C2Rust, but not exclusively):
- redefine the Rust variadic structures to more closely correspond to C: `VaList` now matches `va_list`, and `VaListImpl` matches `__va_list_tag`
- add `Clone` for `VaListImpl`
- add explicit `as_va_list()` conversion function from `VaListImpl` to `VaList`
- add deref coercion from `VaList` to `VaListImpl`
- add support for the `asmjs` target
All these changes were needed for use cases like:
```Rust
let mut ap2 = va_copy(ap);
vprintf(fmt, ap2);
va_end(&mut ap2);
```
Limit dylib symbols
This makes `windows-gnu` match the behavior of `windows-msvc`. It probably doesn't make sense to export these symbols on other platforms either.
Make visitors iterate
r? @oli-obk
The second commit is not completely equivalent, unsure if the code is wrong or not. Tests pass though, otherwise we would need to iterate in the opposite direction as it happened in other parts of the code.
add support for unchecked math
add compiler support for
```rust
/// Returns the result of an unchecked addition, resulting in
/// undefined behavior when `x + y > T::max_value()` or `x + y < T::min_value()`.
pub fn unchecked_add<T>(x: T, y: T) -> T;
/// Returns the result of an unchecked substraction, resulting in
/// undefined behavior when `x - y > T::max_value()` or `x - y < T::min_value()`.
pub fn unchecked_sub<T>(x: T, y: T) -> T;
/// Returns the result of an unchecked multiplication, resulting in
/// undefined behavior when `x * y > T::max_value()` or `x * y < T::min_value()`.
pub fn unchecked_mul<T>(x: T, y: T) -> T;
```
cc https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/issues/2508
