This commit primarily adds the ability to control what kind of LTO happens when
rustc performs LTO, namely allowing values to be specified to the `-C lto`
option, such as `-C lto=thin` and `-C lto=fat`. (where "fat" is the previous
kind of LTO, throw everything in one giant module)
Along the way this also refactors a number of fields which store information
about whether LTO/ThinLTO are enabled to unify them all into one field through
which everything is dispatched, hopefully removing a number of special cases
throughout.
This is intended to help mitigate #47409 but will require a backport as well,
and this would unfortunately need to be an otherwise insta-stable option.
