Update emscripten
This updates emscripten to 1.38.15, which is based on LLVM 6.0.1 and would allow us to drop code for handling LLVM 4.
The main issue I ran into is that exporting statics through `EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS` no longer works. As far as I understand exporting non-functions doesn't really make sense under emscripten anyway, so I've modified the symbol export code to not even try.
Closes#52323.
I also added `// skip-codegen` to each one, to address potential concerns
that this change would otherwise slow down our test suite spending time
generating code for files that are really just meant to be checks of
compiler diagnostics.
(However, I will say: My preference is to not use `// skip-codegen` if
one can avoid it. We can use all the testing of how we drive LLVM that
we can get...)
(Updated post rebase.)
