The `rustc` probe done in our build scripts needs to pass `--target` to
get the correct configuration, which usually comes from the `TARGET`
environment variable. However, for targets specified via a `target.json`
file, `TARGET` gets set to the file name without an extension or path.
`rustc` will check a search path to attempt to locate the file, but this
is likely to fail since the directory where Cargo invokes build scripts
(and hence where those scripts invoke `rustc`) might not have any
relation to the JSON spec file.
Resolve this for now by leaving `f16` and `f128` disabled if the `rustc`
command fails. Result of the discussion at CARGO-14208 may eventually
provide a better solution.
A CI test is also added since custom JSON files are an edge case that
could fail in other ways. I verified this fails without the fix here.
The JSON file is the output for `thumbv7em-none-eabi`, just renamed so
`rustc` doesn't identify it.
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