Make more arithmetic functions unstably const
This is a smaller version of #66884 (thanks @9999years) that constifies many of the arithmetic functions on integer primitives from #53718 that were blocked on #49146.
This makes the following things unstably const.
- `feature = const_int_unchecked_arith`
- `intrinsics::unchecked_add`
- `intrinsics::unchecked_sub`
- `intrinsics::unchecked_mul`
- `intrinsics::unchecked_div`
- `intrinsics::unchecked_rem`
- `feature = const_checked_int_methods`
- `checked_add`
- `checked_sub`
- `checked_mul`
- `checked_div` (Uses `intrinsics::unchecked_div` internally)
- `checked_rem` (Uses `intrinsics::unchecked_rem` internally)
- `checked_neg`
- `checked_shl`
- `checked_shr`
- `checked_abs`
- `feature = const_saturating_int_methods`
- `saturating_mul`
- `saturating_neg` (Uses `intrinsics::unchecked_sub` internally)
- `saturating_abs` (Uses `intrinsics::unchecked_sub` internally)
- `feature = const_wrapping_int_methods`
- `wrapping_div`
- `wrapping_rem`
- `feature = const_overflowing_int_methods`
- `overflowing_div`
- `overflowing_rem`
- `feature = const_euclidean_int_methods`
- `checked_div_euclid`
- `checked_rem_euclid`
- `wrapping_div_euclid`
- `wrapping_rem_euclid`
- `overflowing_div_euclid`
- `overflowing_rem_euclid`
Exponentiation and operations on the `NonZero` types are left to a later PR.
r? @oli-obk
cc @rust-lang/wg-const-eval @rust-lang/libs