Track span of function in method calls, and use this in #[track_caller]
Fixes#69977
When we parse a chain of method calls like `foo.a().b().c()`, each
`MethodCallExpr` gets assigned a span that starts at the beginning of
the call chain (`foo`). While this is useful for diagnostics, it means
that `Location::caller` will return the same location for every call
in a call chain.
This PR makes us separately record the span of the function name and
arguments for a method call (e.g. `b()` in `foo.a().b().c()`). This
`Span` is passed through HIR lowering and MIR building to
`TerminatorKind::Call`, where it is used in preference to
`Terminator.source_info.span` when determining `Location::caller`.
This new span is also useful for diagnostics where we want to emphasize
a particular method call - for an example, see
https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/72389#discussion_r436035990
84b9145076