More precisely detect cycle errors from type_of on opaque
Not sure if this still needs work. Just putting it up for initial impressions, since it seems that a few people are frustrated with the increased error verbosity due to #113320.
Essentially we introduce a new sub-query for `type_of` specifically for opaques which returns a value that is able to distinguish "has errors" from "due to cycle recovery".
Fixes#115188
r? `@oli-obk`
b4c63f06e8