Add test for checking used glibc symbols
This test checks that we do not use too new glibc symbols in the compiler on x64 GNU Linux, in order not to break our [glibc promises](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2022/08/01/Increasing-glibc-kernel-requirements.html).
One thing that isn't solved in the PR yet is to make sure that this test will only run on `dist` CI, more specifically on the `dist-x86_64-linux` runner, in the opt-dist post-optimization tests (it can fail elsewhere, that doesn't matter). Any suggestions on how to do that are welcome.
Fixes: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/134037
r? `@jieyouxu`
3cd8fcbf87