Update `ReadDir::next` in `std::sys::pal::unix::fs` to use `&raw const (*p).field` instead of `p.byte_offset().cast()`
Since https://github.com/rust-lang/reference/pull/1387 and https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/117572, `&raw mut (*p).field`/`addr_of!((*p).field)` is defined to have the same inbounds preconditions as `ptr::offset`/`ptr::byte_offset`. I.e. `&raw const (*p).field` does not require that `p: *const T` point to a full `size_of::<T>()` bytes of memory, only that `p.byte_add(offset_of!(T, field))` is defined.
The old comment "[...] we don't even get to use `&raw const (*entry_ptr).d_name` because that operation requires the full extent of *entry_ptr to be in bounds of the same allocation, which is not necessarily the case here [...]" is now outdated, and the code can be simplified to use `&raw const (*entry_ptr).field`.
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There should be no behavior differences from this PR.
The `: *const dirent64` on line 716 and the `const _: usize = mem::offset_of!(dirent64, $field);` and comment on lines 749-751 are just sanity checks and should not affect semantics.
Since the `offset_ptr!` macro is only called three times, and all with the same local variable entry_ptr, I just used the local variable directly in the macro instead of taking it as an input, and renamed the macro to `entry_field_ptr!`.
The whole macro could also be removed and replaced with just using `&raw const (*entry_ptr).field` in the three places, but the comments on the macro seemed worthwhile to keep.
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