limit impls of `VaArgSafe` to just types that are actually safe
tracking issue: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/44930
Retrieving 8- or 16-bit integer arguments from a `VaList` is not safe, because such types are subject to upcasting. See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/61275#issuecomment-2193942535 for more detail.
This PR also makes the instances of `VaArgSafe` visible in the documentation, and uses a private sealed trait to make sure users cannot create additional impls of `VaArgSafe`, which would almost certainly cause UB.
r? `@workingjubilee`
b9c6b337ce