rustdoc: Cleanup `clean` part 1
Split out from #88379.
These commits are completely independent of each other, and each is a fairly
small change (the last few are new commits; they are not from #88379):
- Remove unnecessary `Cache.*_did` fields
- rustdoc: Get symbol for `TyParam` directly
- Create a valid `Res` in `external_path()`
- Remove unused `hir_id` parameter from `resolve_type`
- Fix redundant arguments in `external_path()`
- Remove unnecessary `is_trait` argument
- rustdoc: Cleanup a pattern match in `external_generic_args()`
r? ``@jyn514``