Fix late-bound lifetime closure ICEs in HIR typeck and MIR borrowck
During HIR typeck, we need to teach astconv to treat late-bound regions within a closure body as free, fixing escaping bound vars ICEs in both of the issues below.
However, this then gets us to MIR borrowck, which itself needs to be taught how to instantiate free region vids for late-bound regions that come from items that _aren't_ the typeck root (for now, just closures).
Fixes#103771Fixes#103736
d10187f040