errors: simplify referring to fluent attributes
To render the message of a Fluent attribute, the identifier of the Fluent message must be known. `DiagnosticMessage::FluentIdentifier` contains both the message's identifier and optionally the identifier of an attribute. Generated constants for each attribute would therefore need to be named uniquely (amongst all error messages) or be able to refer to only the attribute identifier which will be combined with a message identifier later. In this commit, the latter strategy is implemented as part of the `Diagnostic` type's functions for adding subdiagnostics of various kinds.
r? `@oli-obk`
7be9ec2765