Use u64 for incr comp allocation offsets
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/76037
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/95780
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/111613
These issues are all reporting ICEs caused by using `u32` to store offsets to allocations in the incremental compilation cache. This PR aims to lift that limitation by changing the offset type in question to `u64`.
There are two perf runs in this PR. The first reports a regression, and the second does not. The changes are the same in both. I rebased the PR then did the second perf run because I noticed that the primary regression in it was very commonly seen in spurious regression reports.
I do not know what the perf run will report when this is merged. I would not be surprised to see regression or neutral, but the cachegrind diffs for the regression point at `try_mark_previous_green` which is a common source of inexplicable regressions and I don't think should be perturbed by this PR.
I'm not opposed to adding a regression test such as
```rust
fn main() {
println!("{}", [37; 1 << 30].len());
}
```
But that program takes 1 minute to compile and consumes 4.6 GB of memory then writes that much to disk. Is that a concerning amount of resource use for a test?
r? `@nnethercote`
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