introduce `implied_by` in `#[unstable]` attribute
Requested by the library team [on Zulip](https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/131828-t-compiler/topic/better.20support.20for.20partial.20stabilizations/near/285581519).
If part of a feature is stabilized and a new feature is added for the remaining parts, then the `implied_by` meta-item can be added to `#[unstable]` to indicate which now-stable feature was used previously.
```diagnostic
error: the feature `foo` has been partially stabilized since 1.62.0 and is succeeded by the feature `foobar`
--> $DIR/stability-attribute-implies-using-unstable.rs:3:12
|
LL | #![feature(foo)]
| ^^^
|
note: the lint level is defined here
--> $DIR/stability-attribute-implies-using-stable.rs:2:9
|
LL | #![deny(stable_features)]
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
help: if you are using features which are still unstable, change to using `foobar`
|
LL | #![feature(foobar)]
| ~~~~~~
help: if you are using features which are now stable, remove this line
|
LL - #![feature(foo)]
|
```
When a `#![feature(..)]` attribute still exists for the now-stable attribute, then there this has two effects:
- There will not be an stability error for uses of items from the implied feature which are still unstable (until the `#![feature(..)]` is removed or updated to the new feature).
- There will be an improved diagnostic for the remaining use of the feature attribute for the now-stable feature.
```rust
/// If part of a feature is stabilized and a new feature is added for the remaining parts,
/// then the `implied_by` attribute is used to indicate which now-stable feature previously
/// contained a item.
///
/// ```pseudo-Rust
/// #[unstable(feature = "foo", issue = "...")]
/// fn foo() {}
/// #[unstable(feature = "foo", issue = "...")]
/// fn foobar() {}
/// ```
///
/// ...becomes...
///
/// ```pseudo-Rust
/// #[stable(feature = "foo", since = "1.XX.X")]
/// fn foo() {}
/// #[unstable(feature = "foobar", issue = "...", implied_by = "foo")]
/// fn foobar() {}
/// ```
```
In the Zulip discussion, this was envisioned as `implies` on `#[stable]` but I went with `implied_by` on `#[unstable]` because it means that only the unstable attribute needs to be changed in future, not the new stable attribute, which seems less error-prone. It also isn't particularly feasible for me to detect whether items from the implied feature are used and then only suggest updating _or_ removing the `#![feature(..)]` as appropriate, so I always do both.
There's some new information in the cross-crate metadata as a result of this change, that's a little unfortunate, but without requiring that the `#[unstable]` and `#[stable]` attributes both contain the implication information, it's necessary:
```rust
/// This mapping is necessary unless both the `#[stable]` and `#[unstable]` attributes should
/// specify their implications (both `implies` and `implied_by`). If only one of the two
/// attributes do (as in the current implementation, `implied_by` in `#[unstable]`), then this
/// mapping is necessary for diagnostics. When a "unnecessary feature attribute" error is
/// reported, only the `#[stable]` attribute information is available, so the map is necessary
/// to know that the feature implies another feature. If it were reversed, and the `#[stable]`
/// attribute had an `implies` meta item, then a map would be necessary when avoiding a "use of
/// unstable feature" error for a feature that was implied.
```
I also change some comments to documentation comments in the compiler, add a helper for going from a `Span` to a `Span` for the entire line, and fix a incorrect part of the pre-existing stability attribute diagnostics.
cc `@yaahc`
857afc75e6