Use dynamic dispatch for queries
This replaces most concrete query values `V` with `MaybeUninit<[u8; { size_of::<V>() }]>` reducing the code instantiated by queries. The compile time of `rustc_query_impl` is reduced by 27%. It is an alternative to https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/107937 which uses unstable const generics while this uses a `EraseType` trait which maps query values to their erased variant.
This is achieved by introducing an `Erased` type which does sanity check with `cfg(debug_assertions)`. The query caches gets instantiated with these erased types leaving the code in `rustc_query_system` unaware of them. `rustc_query_system` is changed to use instances of `QueryConfig` so that `rustc_query_impl` can pass in `DynamicConfig` which holds a pointer to a virtual table.
<table><tr><td rowspan="2">Benchmark</td><td colspan="1"><b>Before</b></th><td colspan="2"><b>After</b></th></tr><tr><td align="right">Time</td><td align="right">Time</td><td align="right">%</th></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>clap</b>:check</td><td align="right">1.7055s</td><td align="right">1.6949s</td><td align="right"> -0.62%</td></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>hyper</b>:check</td><td align="right">0.2547s</td><td align="right">0.2528s</td><td align="right"> -0.73%</td></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>regex</b>:check</td><td align="right">0.9590s</td><td align="right">0.9553s</td><td align="right"> -0.39%</td></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>syn</b>:check</td><td align="right">1.5457s</td><td align="right">1.5440s</td><td align="right"> -0.11%</td></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>syntex_syntax</b>:check</td><td align="right">5.9092s</td><td align="right">5.9009s</td><td align="right"> -0.14%</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td align="right">10.3741s</td><td align="right">10.3479s</td><td align="right"> -0.25%</td></tr><tr><td>Summary</td><td align="right">1.0000s</td><td align="right">0.9960s</td><td align="right"> -0.40%</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td rowspan="2">Benchmark</td><td colspan="1"><b>Before</b></th><td colspan="2"><b>After</b></th></tr><tr><td align="right">Time</td><td align="right">Time</td><td align="right">%</th></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>clap</b>:check:initial</td><td align="right">2.0605s</td><td align="right">2.0575s</td><td align="right"> -0.15%</td></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>hyper</b>:check:initial</td><td align="right">0.3218s</td><td align="right">0.3216s</td><td align="right"> -0.07%</td></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>regex</b>:check:initial</td><td align="right">1.1848s</td><td align="right">1.1839s</td><td align="right"> -0.07%</td></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>syn</b>:check:initial</td><td align="right">1.9409s</td><td align="right">1.9376s</td><td align="right"> -0.17%</td></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>syntex_syntax</b>:check:initial</td><td align="right">7.3105s</td><td align="right">7.2928s</td><td align="right"> -0.24%</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td align="right">12.8185s</td><td align="right">12.7935s</td><td align="right"> -0.20%</td></tr><tr><td>Summary</td><td align="right">1.0000s</td><td align="right">0.9986s</td><td align="right"> -0.14%</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td rowspan="2">Benchmark</td><td colspan="1"><b>Before</b></th><td colspan="2"><b>After</b></th></tr><tr><td align="right">Time</td><td align="right">Time</td><td align="right">%</th></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>clap</b>:check:unchanged</td><td align="right">0.4606s</td><td align="right">0.4617s</td><td align="right"> 0.24%</td></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>hyper</b>:check:unchanged</td><td align="right">0.1335s</td><td align="right">0.1336s</td><td align="right"> 0.08%</td></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>regex</b>:check:unchanged</td><td align="right">0.3324s</td><td align="right">0.3346s</td><td align="right"> 0.65%</td></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>syn</b>:check:unchanged</td><td align="right">0.6268s</td><td align="right">0.6307s</td><td align="right"> 0.64%</td></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>syntex_syntax</b>:check:unchanged</td><td align="right">1.8248s</td><td align="right">1.8508s</td><td align="right">💔 1.43%</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td align="right">3.3779s</td><td align="right">3.4113s</td><td align="right"> 0.99%</td></tr><tr><td>Summary</td><td align="right">1.0000s</td><td align="right">1.0061s</td><td align="right"> 0.61%</td></tr></table>
It's based on https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/108167.
r? `@cjgillot`
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