rust/src/libcore/hash/mod.rs

380 lines
11 KiB
Rust

// Copyright 2012-2014 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.
//! Generic hashing support.
//!
//! This module provides a generic way to compute the hash of a value. The
//! simplest way to make a type hashable is to use `#[derive(Hash)]`:
//!
//! # Examples
//!
//! ```rust
//! use std::hash::{Hash, SipHasher, Hasher};
//!
//! #[derive(Hash)]
//! struct Person {
//! id: u32,
//! name: String,
//! phone: u64,
//! }
//!
//! let person1 = Person { id: 5, name: "Janet".to_string(), phone: 555_666_7777 };
//! let person2 = Person { id: 5, name: "Bob".to_string(), phone: 555_666_7777 };
//!
//! assert!(hash(&person1) != hash(&person2));
//!
//! fn hash<T: Hash>(t: &T) -> u64 {
//! let mut s = SipHasher::new();
//! t.hash(&mut s);
//! s.finish()
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! If you need more control over how a value is hashed, you need to implement
//! the trait `Hash`:
//!
//! ```rust
//! use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher, SipHasher};
//!
//! struct Person {
//! id: u32,
//! # #[allow(dead_code)]
//! name: String,
//! phone: u64,
//! }
//!
//! impl Hash for Person {
//! fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
//! self.id.hash(state);
//! self.phone.hash(state);
//! }
//! }
//!
//! let person1 = Person { id: 5, name: "Janet".to_string(), phone: 555_666_7777 };
//! let person2 = Person { id: 5, name: "Bob".to_string(), phone: 555_666_7777 };
//!
//! assert_eq!(hash(&person1), hash(&person2));
//!
//! fn hash<T: Hash>(t: &T) -> u64 {
//! let mut s = SipHasher::new();
//! t.hash(&mut s);
//! s.finish()
//! }
//! ```
#![stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
use prelude::v1::*;
use fmt;
use marker;
use mem;
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub use self::sip::SipHasher;
mod sip;
/// A hashable type.
///
/// The `H` type parameter is an abstract hash state that is used by the `Hash`
/// to compute the hash.
///
/// If you are also implementing `Eq`, there is an additional property that
/// is important:
///
/// ```text
/// k1 == k2 -> hash(k1) == hash(k2)
/// ```
///
/// In other words, if two keys are equal, their hashes should also be equal.
/// `HashMap` and `HashSet` both rely on this behavior.
///
/// This trait can be used with `#[derive]`.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub trait Hash {
/// Feeds this value into the state given, updating the hasher as necessary.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H);
/// Feeds a slice of this type into the state provided.
#[stable(feature = "hash_slice", since = "1.3.0")]
fn hash_slice<H: Hasher>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H)
where Self: Sized
{
for piece in data {
piece.hash(state);
}
}
}
/// A trait which represents the ability to hash an arbitrary stream of bytes.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub trait Hasher {
/// Completes a round of hashing, producing the output hash generated.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
fn finish(&self) -> u64;
/// Writes some data into this `Hasher`
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
fn write(&mut self, bytes: &[u8]);
/// Write a single `u8` into this hasher
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "hasher_write", since = "1.3.0")]
fn write_u8(&mut self, i: u8) {
self.write(&[i])
}
/// Write a single `u16` into this hasher.
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "hasher_write", since = "1.3.0")]
fn write_u16(&mut self, i: u16) {
self.write(&unsafe { mem::transmute::<_, [u8; 2]>(i) })
}
/// Write a single `u32` into this hasher.
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "hasher_write", since = "1.3.0")]
fn write_u32(&mut self, i: u32) {
self.write(&unsafe { mem::transmute::<_, [u8; 4]>(i) })
}
/// Write a single `u64` into this hasher.
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "hasher_write", since = "1.3.0")]
fn write_u64(&mut self, i: u64) {
self.write(&unsafe { mem::transmute::<_, [u8; 8]>(i) })
}
/// Write a single `usize` into this hasher.
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "hasher_write", since = "1.3.0")]
fn write_usize(&mut self, i: usize) {
let bytes = unsafe {
::slice::from_raw_parts(&i as *const usize as *const u8, mem::size_of::<usize>())
};
self.write(bytes);
}
/// Write a single `i8` into this hasher.
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "hasher_write", since = "1.3.0")]
fn write_i8(&mut self, i: i8) {
self.write_u8(i as u8)
}
/// Write a single `i16` into this hasher.
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "hasher_write", since = "1.3.0")]
fn write_i16(&mut self, i: i16) {
self.write_u16(i as u16)
}
/// Write a single `i32` into this hasher.
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "hasher_write", since = "1.3.0")]
fn write_i32(&mut self, i: i32) {
self.write_u32(i as u32)
}
/// Write a single `i64` into this hasher.
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "hasher_write", since = "1.3.0")]
fn write_i64(&mut self, i: i64) {
self.write_u64(i as u64)
}
/// Write a single `isize` into this hasher.
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "hasher_write", since = "1.3.0")]
fn write_isize(&mut self, i: isize) {
self.write_usize(i as usize)
}
}
/// A `BuildHasher` is typically used as a factory for instances of `Hasher`
/// which a `HashMap` can then use to hash keys independently.
///
/// Note that for each instance of `BuildHasher`, the created hashers should be
/// identical. That is, if the same stream of bytes is fed into each hasher, the
/// same output will also be generated.
#[stable(since = "1.7.0", feature = "build_hasher")]
pub trait BuildHasher {
/// Type of the hasher that will be created.
#[stable(since = "1.7.0", feature = "build_hasher")]
type Hasher: Hasher;
/// Creates a new hasher.
#[stable(since = "1.7.0", feature = "build_hasher")]
fn build_hasher(&self) -> Self::Hasher;
}
/// A structure which implements `BuildHasher` for all `Hasher` types which also
/// implement `Default`.
///
/// This struct is 0-sized and does not need construction.
#[stable(since = "1.7.0", feature = "build_hasher")]
pub struct BuildHasherDefault<H>(marker::PhantomData<H>);
#[stable(since = "1.9.0", feature = "core_impl_debug")]
impl<H> fmt::Debug for BuildHasherDefault<H> {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
f.pad("BuildHasherDefault")
}
}
#[stable(since = "1.7.0", feature = "build_hasher")]
impl<H: Default + Hasher> BuildHasher for BuildHasherDefault<H> {
type Hasher = H;
fn build_hasher(&self) -> H {
H::default()
}
}
#[stable(since = "1.7.0", feature = "build_hasher")]
impl<H> Clone for BuildHasherDefault<H> {
fn clone(&self) -> BuildHasherDefault<H> {
BuildHasherDefault(marker::PhantomData)
}
}
#[stable(since = "1.7.0", feature = "build_hasher")]
impl<H> Default for BuildHasherDefault<H> {
fn default() -> BuildHasherDefault<H> {
BuildHasherDefault(marker::PhantomData)
}
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
mod impls {
use prelude::v1::*;
use mem;
use slice;
use super::*;
macro_rules! impl_write {
($(($ty:ident, $meth:ident),)*) => {$(
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl Hash for $ty {
fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
state.$meth(*self)
}
fn hash_slice<H: Hasher>(data: &[$ty], state: &mut H) {
let newlen = data.len() * mem::size_of::<$ty>();
let ptr = data.as_ptr() as *const u8;
state.write(unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(ptr, newlen) })
}
}
)*}
}
impl_write! {
(u8, write_u8),
(u16, write_u16),
(u32, write_u32),
(u64, write_u64),
(usize, write_usize),
(i8, write_i8),
(i16, write_i16),
(i32, write_i32),
(i64, write_i64),
(isize, write_isize),
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl Hash for bool {
fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
state.write_u8(*self as u8)
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl Hash for char {
fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
state.write_u32(*self as u32)
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl Hash for str {
fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
state.write(self.as_bytes());
state.write_u8(0xff)
}
}
macro_rules! impl_hash_tuple {
() => (
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl Hash for () {
fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, _state: &mut H) {}
}
);
( $($name:ident)+) => (
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<$($name: Hash),*> Hash for ($($name,)*) {
#[allow(non_snake_case)]
fn hash<S: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut S) {
let ($(ref $name,)*) = *self;
$($name.hash(state);)*
}
}
);
}
impl_hash_tuple! {}
impl_hash_tuple! { A }
impl_hash_tuple! { A B }
impl_hash_tuple! { A B C }
impl_hash_tuple! { A B C D }
impl_hash_tuple! { A B C D E }
impl_hash_tuple! { A B C D E F }
impl_hash_tuple! { A B C D E F G }
impl_hash_tuple! { A B C D E F G H }
impl_hash_tuple! { A B C D E F G H I }
impl_hash_tuple! { A B C D E F G H I J }
impl_hash_tuple! { A B C D E F G H I J K }
impl_hash_tuple! { A B C D E F G H I J K L }
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T: Hash> Hash for [T] {
fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
self.len().hash(state);
Hash::hash_slice(self, state)
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<'a, T: ?Sized + Hash> Hash for &'a T {
fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
(**self).hash(state);
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<'a, T: ?Sized + Hash> Hash for &'a mut T {
fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
(**self).hash(state);
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T> Hash for *const T {
fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
state.write_usize(*self as usize)
}
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T> Hash for *mut T {
fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
state.write_usize(*self as usize)
}
}
}