Introduce `trait DebugWithInfcx` to debug format types with universe info
Seeing universes of infer vars is valuable for debugging but currently we have no way of easily debug formatting a type with the universes of all the infer vars shown. In the future I hope to augment the new solver's proof tree output with a `DebugWithInfcx` impl so that it can show universes but I left that out of this PR as it would be non trivial and this is already large and complex enough.
The goal here is to make the various abstractions taking `T: Debug` able to use the codepath for printing out universes, that way we can do `debug!("{:?}", my_x)` and have `my_x` have universes shown, same for the `write!` macro. It's not possible to put the `Infcx: InferCtxtLike<I>` into the formatter argument to `Debug::fmt` so it has to go into the self ty. For this we introduce the type `OptWithInfcx<I: Interner, Infcx: InferCtxtLike<I>, T>` which has the data `T` optionally coupled with the infcx (more on why it's optional later).
Because of coherence/orphan rules it's not possible to write the impl `Debug for OptWithInfcx<..., MyType>` when `OptWithInfcx` is in a upstream crate. This necessitates a blanket impl in the crate defining `OptWithInfcx` like so: `impl<T: DebugWithInfcx> Debug for OptWithInfcx<..., T>`. It is not intended for people to manually call `DebugWithInfcx::fmt`, the `Debug` impl for `OptWithInfcx` should be preferred.
The infcx has to be optional in `OptWithInfcx` as otherwise we would end up with a large amount of code duplication. Almost all types that want to be used with `OptWithInfcx` do not themselves need access to the infcx so if we were to not optional we would end up with large `Debug` and `DebugWithInfcx` impls that were practically identical other than that when formatting their fields we wrap the field in `OptWithInfcx` instead of formatting it alone.
The only types that need access to the infcx themselves are ty/const/region infer vars, everything else is implemented by having the `Debug` impl defer to `OptWithInfcx` with no infcx available. The `DebugWithInfcx` impl is pretty much just the standard `Debug` impl except that instead of recursively formatting fields with `write!(f, "{x:?}")` we must do `write!(f, "{:?}", opt_infcx.wrap(x))`. This is some pretty rough boilerplate but I could not think of an alternative unfortunately.
`OptWithInfcx::wrap` is an eager `Option::map` because 99% of callsites were discarding the existing data in `OptWithInfcx` and did not need lazy evaluation.
A trait `InferCtxtLike` was added instead of using `InferCtxt<'tcx>` as we need to implement `DebugWithInfcx` for types living in `rustc_type_ir` which are generic over an interner and do not have access to `InferCtxt` since it lives in `rustc_infer`. Additionally I suspect that adding universe info to new solver proof tree output will require an implementation of `InferCtxtLike` for something that is not an `InferCtxt` although this is not the primary motivaton.
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To summarize:
- There is a type `OptWithInfcx` which bundles some data optionally with an infcx with allows us to pass an infcx into a `Debug` impl. It's optional instead of being there unconditionally so that we can share code for `Debug` and `DebugWithInfcx` impls that don't care about whether there is an infcx available but have fields that might care.
- There is a trait `DebugWithInfcx` which allows downstream crates to add impls of the form `Debug for OptWithInfcx<...>` which would normally be forbidden by orphan rules/coherence.
- There is a trait `InferCtxtLike` to allow us to implement `DebugWithInfcx` for types that live in `rustc_type_ir`
This allows debug formatting various `ty::*` structures with universes shown by using the `Debug` impl for `OptWithInfcx::new(ty, infcx)`
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This PR does not add `DebugWithInfcx` impls to absolutely _everything_ that should realistically have them, for example you cannot use `OptWithInfcx<Obligation<Predicate>>`. I am leaving this to a future PR to do so as it would likely be a lot more work to do.
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