Simplify the internal API for declaring command-line options
The internal APIs for declaring command-line options are old, and intimidatingly complex. This PR replaces them with a single function that takes explicit `stability` and `kind` arguments, making it easier to see how each option is handled, and whether it is treated as stable or unstable.
We also don't appear to have any tests for the output of `rustc --help` and similar, so I've added a run-make test to verify that this PR doesn't change any output. (There is already a similar run-make test for rustdoc's help output.)
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The librustdoc changes are simply adjusting to updated compiler APIs; no functional change intended.
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A side-effect of these changes is that rustfmt can once again format the entirety of these option declaration lists, which it was not doing before.
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