Fix building rustc on and for musl hosts.
This fixes all problems I had when trying to compile rustc on a musl-based distribution (with `crt-static = false` in `config.toml`).
This is a fixed version of what ended up being #50105, making it possible to compile rustc on musl targets.
The differences to the old (now merged and subsequently reverted) pull request are:
- The commit (6d9154a830) that caused the regression for which the original commits were reverted in #50709 is left out. This means the corresponding bug #36710 is still not fixed with `+crt-static`.
- The test for issue 36710 is skipped for musl targets (until the issue is properly fixed).
- Building cargo-vendor if `crt-static = false` is needed was broken (cargo-vendor links to some shared libraries if they exist on the system and this produces broken binaries with `+crt-static`)
CC @alexcrichton
4ecf12bf0e