Initial implementation of `core_float_math`
Since [1], `compiler-builtins` makes a certain set of math symbols
weakly available on all platforms. This means we can begin exposing some
of the related functions in `core`, so begin this process here.
It is not possible to provide inherent methods in both `core` and `std`
while giving them different stability gates, so standalone functions are
added instead. This provides a way to experiment with the functionality
while unstable; once it is time to stabilize, they can be converted to
inherent.
For `f16` and `f128`, everything is unstable so we can move the inherent
methods.
The following are included to start:
* floor
* ceil
* round
* round_ties_even
* trunc
* fract
* mul_add
* div_euclid
* rem_euclid
* powi
* sqrt
* abs_sub
* cbrt
These mirror the set of functions that we have in `compiler-builtins`
since [1], with the exception of `powi` that has been there longer.
Details for each of the changes is in the commit messages.
Tracking issue: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/137578
[1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-builtins/pull/763
try-job: aarch64-gnu
tru-job: armhf-gnu
try-job: i686-msvc-1
try-job: test-various
try-job: x86_64-mingw-1
try-job: x86_64-mingw-2
777d372772