Fix intra doc links not generated inside footnote definitions
Fixes#132208.
The problem was that we were running the `Footnote` "pass" before the `LinkReplacer` one. Sadly, the change is bigger than it should because we can't specialize the `Iterator` trait implementation, forcing me to add a new type to handle the other `Iterator` kind (the one which still has the `Range`).
r? ``@notriddle``
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