Use a range to identify SIGSEGV in stack guards
Previously, the `guard::init()` and `guard::current()` functions were
returning a `usize` address representing the top of the stack guard,
respectively for the main thread and for spawned threads. The `SIGSEGV`
handler on `unix` targets checked if a fault was within one page below that
address, if so reporting it as a stack overflow.
Now `unix` targets report a `Range<usize>` representing the guard memory,
so it can cover arbitrary guard sizes. Non-`unix` targets which always
return `None` for guards now do so with `Option<!>`, so they don't pay any
overhead.
For `linux-gnu` in particular, the previous guard upper-bound was
`stackaddr + guardsize`, as the protected memory was *inside* the stack.
This was a glibc bug, and starting from 2.27 they are moving the guard
*past* the end of the stack. However, there's no simple way for us to know
where the guard page actually lies, so now we declare it as the whole range
of `stackaddr ± guardsize`, and any fault therein will be called a stack
overflow. This fixes#47863.
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