Properly re-use def path hash in incremental mode
Fixes#79661
In incremental compilation mode, we update a `DefPathHash -> DefId`
mapping every time we create a `DepNode` for a foreign `DefId`.
This mapping is written out to the on-disk incremental cache, and is
read by the next compilation session to allow us to lazily decode
`DefId`s.
When we decode a `DepNode` from the current incremental cache, we need
to ensure that any previously-recorded `DefPathHash -> DefId` mapping
gets recorded in the new mapping that we write out. However, PR #74967
didn't do this in all cases, leading to us being unable to decode a
`DefPathHash` in certain circumstances.
This PR refactors some of the code around `DepNode` deserialization to
prevent this kind of mistake from happening again.
fa55f668e5