Enable `loop` and `while` in constants behind a feature flag
This PR is an initial implementation of #52000. It adds a `const_loop` feature gate, which allows `while` and `loop` expressions through both HIR and MIR const-checkers if enabled. `for` expressions remain forbidden by the HIR const-checker, since they desugar to a call to `IntoIterator::into_iter`, which will be rejected anyways.
`while` loops also require [`#![feature(const_if_match)]`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/66507), since they have a conditional built into them. The diagnostics from the HIR const checker will suggest this to the user.
r? @oli-obk
cc @rust-lang/wg-const-eval