Handle array manually in str case conversion methods
Avoiding the overhead incurred from `String.extend(char.to_lowercase())` showed a notable performance improvement when I benchmarked it.
I tested on these strings:
```rust
ALL_LOWER: "loremipsumdolorsitametduosensibusmnesarchumabcdefgh"
ALL_UPPER: "LOREMIPSUMDOLORSITAMETDUOSENSIBUSMNESARCHUMABCDEFGH"
REALISTIC_UPPER: "LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET, DUO SENSIBUS MNESARCHUM"
SIGMAS: "ΣΣΣΣΣ ΣΣΣΣΣ ΣΣΣΣΣ ΣΣΣ ΣΣΣΣ, ΣΣΣ ΣΣΣΣΣΣΣΣ ΣΣΣΣΣΣΣΣΣΣ"
WORD_UPPER: "Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet, Duo Sensibus Mnesarchum"
```
the performance improvements of `to_lowercase()` were
```
running 10 tests
test tests::all_lower ... bench: 1,752 ns/iter (+/- 49)
test tests::all_lower_new ... bench: 1,266 ns/iter (+/- 15) -28%
test tests::all_upper ... bench: 1,832 ns/iter (+/- 39)
test tests::all_upper_new ... bench: 1,337 ns/iter (+/- 18) -27%
test tests::realistic_upper ... bench: 1,993 ns/iter (+/- 14)
test tests::realistic_upper_new ... bench: 1,445 ns/iter (+/- 22) -27%
test tests::sigmas ... bench: 1,342 ns/iter (+/- 39)
test tests::sigmas_new ... bench: 1,226 ns/iter (+/- 16) -9%
test tests::word_upper ... bench: 1,899 ns/iter (+/- 12)
test tests::word_upper_new ... bench: 1,381 ns/iter (+/- 26) -27%
```
and of `to_uppercase()`
```
running 10 tests
test tests::all_lower ... bench: 1,813 ns/iter (+/- 20)
test tests::all_lower_new ... bench: 1,321 ns/iter (+/- 16) -27%
test tests::all_upper ... bench: 1,629 ns/iter (+/- 22)
test tests::all_upper_new ... bench: 1,241 ns/iter (+/- 9) -24%
test tests::realistic_upper ... bench: 1,670 ns/iter (+/- 24)
test tests::realistic_upper_new ... bench: 1,241 ns/iter (+/- 17) -26%
test tests::sigmas ... bench: 2,053 ns/iter (+/- 20)
test tests::sigmas_new ... bench: 1,753 ns/iter (+/- 23) -15%
test tests::word_upper ... bench: 1,873 ns/iter (+/- 30)
test tests::word_upper_new ... bench: 1,412 ns/iter (+/- 25) -25%
```
I gave up on the more advanced method from #52061 as it wasn't always a clear improvement and would help in even less cases if this PR was merged.