rust/library/std/src/sync/rwlock.rs

#[cfg(all(test, not(target_os = "emscripten")))]
mod tests;

use crate::cell::UnsafeCell;
use crate::fmt;
use crate::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
use crate::ptr::NonNull;
use crate::sync::{poison, LockResult, TryLockError, TryLockResult};
use crate::sys::locks as sys;

/// A reader-writer lock
///
/// This type of lock allows a number of readers or at most one writer at any
/// point in time. The write portion of this lock typically allows modification
/// of the underlying data (exclusive access) and the read portion of this lock
/// typically allows for read-only access (shared access).
///
/// In comparison, a [`Mutex`] does not distinguish between readers or writers
/// that acquire the lock, therefore blocking any threads waiting for the lock to
/// become available. An `RwLock` will allow any number of readers to acquire the
/// lock as long as a writer is not holding the lock.
///
/// The priority policy of the lock is dependent on the underlying operating
/// system's implementation, and this type does not guarantee that any
/// particular policy will be used. In particular, a writer which is waiting to
/// acquire the lock in `write` might or might not block concurrent calls to
/// `read`, e.g.:
///
/// <details><summary>Potential deadlock example</summary>
///
/// ```text
/// // Thread 1             |  // Thread 2
/// let _rg = lock.read();  |
///                         |  // will block
///                         |  let _wg = lock.write();
/// // may deadlock         |
/// let _rg = lock.read();  |
/// ```
/// </details>
///
/// The type parameter `T` represents the data that this lock protects. It is
/// required that `T` satisfies [`Send`] to be shared across threads and
/// [`Sync`] to allow concurrent access through readers. The RAII guards
/// returned from the locking methods implement [`Deref`] (and [`DerefMut`]
/// for the `write` methods) to allow access to the content of the lock.
///
/// # Poisoning
///
/// An `RwLock`, like [`Mutex`], will become poisoned on a panic. Note, however,
/// that an `RwLock` may only be poisoned if a panic occurs while it is locked
/// exclusively (write mode). If a panic occurs in any reader, then the lock
/// will not be poisoned.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::sync::RwLock;
///
/// let lock = RwLock::new(5);
///
/// // many reader locks can be held at once
/// {
///     let r1 = lock.read().unwrap();
///     let r2 = lock.read().unwrap();
///     assert_eq!(*r1, 5);
///     assert_eq!(*r2, 5);
/// } // read locks are dropped at this point
///
/// // only one write lock may be held, however
/// {
///     let mut w = lock.write().unwrap();
///     *w += 1;
///     assert_eq!(*w, 6);
/// } // write lock is dropped here
/// ```
///
/// [`Mutex`]: super::Mutex
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
#[cfg_attr(not(test), rustc_diagnostic_item = "RwLock")]
pub struct RwLock<T: ?Sized> {
    inner: sys::RwLock,
    poison: poison::Flag,
    data: UnsafeCell<T>,
}

#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
unsafe impl<T: ?Sized + Send> Send for RwLock<T> {}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
unsafe impl<T: ?Sized + Send + Sync> Sync for RwLock<T> {}

/// RAII structure used to release the shared read access of a lock when
/// dropped.
///
/// This structure is created by the [`read`] and [`try_read`] methods on
/// [`RwLock`].
///
/// [`read`]: RwLock::read
/// [`try_read`]: RwLock::try_read
#[must_use = "if unused the RwLock will immediately unlock"]
#[must_not_suspend = "holding a RwLockReadGuard across suspend \
                      points can cause deadlocks, delays, \
                      and cause Futures to not implement `Send`"]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
#[clippy::has_significant_drop]
#[cfg_attr(not(test), rustc_diagnostic_item = "RwLockReadGuard")]
pub struct RwLockReadGuard<'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> {
    // NB: we use a pointer instead of `&'a T` to avoid `noalias` violations, because a
    // `Ref` argument doesn't hold immutability for its whole scope, only until it drops.
    // `NonNull` is also covariant over `T`, just like we would have with `&T`. `NonNull`
    // is preferable over `const* T` to allow for niche optimization.
    data: NonNull<T>,
    inner_lock: &'a sys::RwLock,
}

#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T: ?Sized> !Send for RwLockReadGuard<'_, T> {}

#[stable(feature = "rwlock_guard_sync", since = "1.23.0")]
unsafe impl<T: ?Sized + Sync> Sync for RwLockReadGuard<'_, T> {}

/// RAII structure used to release the exclusive write access of a lock when
/// dropped.
///
/// This structure is created by the [`write`] and [`try_write`] methods
/// on [`RwLock`].
///
/// [`write`]: RwLock::write
/// [`try_write`]: RwLock::try_write
#[must_use = "if unused the RwLock will immediately unlock"]
#[must_not_suspend = "holding a RwLockWriteGuard across suspend \
                      points can cause deadlocks, delays, \
                      and cause Future's to not implement `Send`"]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
#[clippy::has_significant_drop]
#[cfg_attr(not(test), rustc_diagnostic_item = "RwLockWriteGuard")]
pub struct RwLockWriteGuard<'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> {
    lock: &'a RwLock<T>,
    poison: poison::Guard,
}

#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T: ?Sized> !Send for RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T> {}

#[stable(feature = "rwlock_guard_sync", since = "1.23.0")]
unsafe impl<T: ?Sized + Sync> Sync for RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T> {}

impl<T> RwLock<T> {
    /// Creates a new instance of an `RwLock<T>` which is unlocked.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::RwLock;
    ///
    /// let lock = RwLock::new(5);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_locks", since = "1.63.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub const fn new(t: T) -> RwLock<T> {
        RwLock { inner: sys::RwLock::new(), poison: poison::Flag::new(), data: UnsafeCell::new(t) }
    }
}

impl<T: ?Sized> RwLock<T> {
    /// Locks this `RwLock` with shared read access, blocking the current thread
    /// until it can be acquired.
    ///
    /// The calling thread will be blocked until there are no more writers which
    /// hold the lock. There may be other readers currently inside the lock when
    /// this method returns. This method does not provide any guarantees with
    /// respect to the ordering of whether contentious readers or writers will
    /// acquire the lock first.
    ///
    /// Returns an RAII guard which will release this thread's shared access
    /// once it is dropped.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// This function will return an error if the `RwLock` is poisoned. An
    /// `RwLock` is poisoned whenever a writer panics while holding an exclusive
    /// lock. The failure will occur immediately after the lock has been
    /// acquired.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// This function might panic when called if the lock is already held by the current thread.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
    /// use std::thread;
    ///
    /// let lock = Arc::new(RwLock::new(1));
    /// let c_lock = Arc::clone(&lock);
    ///
    /// let n = lock.read().unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(*n, 1);
    ///
    /// thread::spawn(move || {
    ///     let r = c_lock.read();
    ///     assert!(r.is_ok());
    /// }).join().unwrap();
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub fn read(&self) -> LockResult<RwLockReadGuard<'_, T>> {
        unsafe {
            self.inner.read();
            RwLockReadGuard::new(self)
        }
    }

    /// Attempts to acquire this `RwLock` with shared read access.
    ///
    /// If the access could not be granted at this time, then `Err` is returned.
    /// Otherwise, an RAII guard is returned which will release the shared access
    /// when it is dropped.
    ///
    /// This function does not block.
    ///
    /// This function does not provide any guarantees with respect to the ordering
    /// of whether contentious readers or writers will acquire the lock first.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// This function will return the [`Poisoned`] error if the `RwLock` is
    /// poisoned. An `RwLock` is poisoned whenever a writer panics while holding
    /// an exclusive lock. `Poisoned` will only be returned if the lock would
    /// have otherwise been acquired.
    ///
    /// This function will return the [`WouldBlock`] error if the `RwLock` could
    /// not be acquired because it was already locked exclusively.
    ///
    /// [`Poisoned`]: TryLockError::Poisoned
    /// [`WouldBlock`]: TryLockError::WouldBlock
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::RwLock;
    ///
    /// let lock = RwLock::new(1);
    ///
    /// match lock.try_read() {
    ///     Ok(n) => assert_eq!(*n, 1),
    ///     Err(_) => unreachable!(),
    /// };
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub fn try_read(&self) -> TryLockResult<RwLockReadGuard<'_, T>> {
        unsafe {
            if self.inner.try_read() {
                Ok(RwLockReadGuard::new(self)?)
            } else {
                Err(TryLockError::WouldBlock)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Locks this `RwLock` with exclusive write access, blocking the current
    /// thread until it can be acquired.
    ///
    /// This function will not return while other writers or other readers
    /// currently have access to the lock.
    ///
    /// Returns an RAII guard which will drop the write access of this `RwLock`
    /// when dropped.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// This function will return an error if the `RwLock` is poisoned. An
    /// `RwLock` is poisoned whenever a writer panics while holding an exclusive
    /// lock. An error will be returned when the lock is acquired.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// This function might panic when called if the lock is already held by the current thread.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::RwLock;
    ///
    /// let lock = RwLock::new(1);
    ///
    /// let mut n = lock.write().unwrap();
    /// *n = 2;
    ///
    /// assert!(lock.try_read().is_err());
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub fn write(&self) -> LockResult<RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T>> {
        unsafe {
            self.inner.write();
            RwLockWriteGuard::new(self)
        }
    }

    /// Attempts to lock this `RwLock` with exclusive write access.
    ///
    /// If the lock could not be acquired at this time, then `Err` is returned.
    /// Otherwise, an RAII guard is returned which will release the lock when
    /// it is dropped.
    ///
    /// This function does not block.
    ///
    /// This function does not provide any guarantees with respect to the ordering
    /// of whether contentious readers or writers will acquire the lock first.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// This function will return the [`Poisoned`] error if the `RwLock` is
    /// poisoned. An `RwLock` is poisoned whenever a writer panics while holding
    /// an exclusive lock. `Poisoned` will only be returned if the lock would
    /// have otherwise been acquired.
    ///
    /// This function will return the [`WouldBlock`] error if the `RwLock` could
    /// not be acquired because it was already locked exclusively.
    ///
    /// [`Poisoned`]: TryLockError::Poisoned
    /// [`WouldBlock`]: TryLockError::WouldBlock
    ///
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::RwLock;
    ///
    /// let lock = RwLock::new(1);
    ///
    /// let n = lock.read().unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(*n, 1);
    ///
    /// assert!(lock.try_write().is_err());
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub fn try_write(&self) -> TryLockResult<RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T>> {
        unsafe {
            if self.inner.try_write() {
                Ok(RwLockWriteGuard::new(self)?)
            } else {
                Err(TryLockError::WouldBlock)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Determines whether the lock is poisoned.
    ///
    /// If another thread is active, the lock can still become poisoned at any
    /// time. You should not trust a `false` value for program correctness
    /// without additional synchronization.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
    /// use std::thread;
    ///
    /// let lock = Arc::new(RwLock::new(0));
    /// let c_lock = Arc::clone(&lock);
    ///
    /// let _ = thread::spawn(move || {
    ///     let _lock = c_lock.write().unwrap();
    ///     panic!(); // the lock gets poisoned
    /// }).join();
    /// assert_eq!(lock.is_poisoned(), true);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "sync_poison", since = "1.2.0")]
    pub fn is_poisoned(&self) -> bool {
        self.poison.get()
    }

    /// Clear the poisoned state from a lock
    ///
    /// If the lock is poisoned, it will remain poisoned until this function is called. This allows
    /// recovering from a poisoned state and marking that it has recovered. For example, if the
    /// value is overwritten by a known-good value, then the mutex can be marked as un-poisoned. Or
    /// possibly, the value could be inspected to determine if it is in a consistent state, and if
    /// so the poison is removed.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// #![feature(mutex_unpoison)]
    ///
    /// use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
    /// use std::thread;
    ///
    /// let lock = Arc::new(RwLock::new(0));
    /// let c_lock = Arc::clone(&lock);
    ///
    /// let _ = thread::spawn(move || {
    ///     let _lock = c_lock.write().unwrap();
    ///     panic!(); // the mutex gets poisoned
    /// }).join();
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(lock.is_poisoned(), true);
    /// let guard = lock.write().unwrap_or_else(|mut e| {
    ///     **e.get_mut() = 1;
    ///     lock.clear_poison();
    ///     e.into_inner()
    /// });
    /// assert_eq!(lock.is_poisoned(), false);
    /// assert_eq!(*guard, 1);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[unstable(feature = "mutex_unpoison", issue = "96469")]
    pub fn clear_poison(&self) {
        self.poison.clear();
    }

    /// Consumes this `RwLock`, returning the underlying data.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// This function will return an error if the `RwLock` is poisoned. An
    /// `RwLock` is poisoned whenever a writer panics while holding an exclusive
    /// lock. An error will only be returned if the lock would have otherwise
    /// been acquired.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::RwLock;
    ///
    /// let lock = RwLock::new(String::new());
    /// {
    ///     let mut s = lock.write().unwrap();
    ///     *s = "modified".to_owned();
    /// }
    /// assert_eq!(lock.into_inner().unwrap(), "modified");
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "rwlock_into_inner", since = "1.6.0")]
    pub fn into_inner(self) -> LockResult<T>
    where
        T: Sized,
    {
        let data = self.data.into_inner();
        poison::map_result(self.poison.borrow(), |()| data)
    }

    /// Returns a mutable reference to the underlying data.
    ///
    /// Since this call borrows the `RwLock` mutably, no actual locking needs to
    /// take place -- the mutable borrow statically guarantees no locks exist.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// This function will return an error if the `RwLock` is poisoned. An
    /// `RwLock` is poisoned whenever a writer panics while holding an exclusive
    /// lock. An error will only be returned if the lock would have otherwise
    /// been acquired.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::RwLock;
    ///
    /// let mut lock = RwLock::new(0);
    /// *lock.get_mut().unwrap() = 10;
    /// assert_eq!(*lock.read().unwrap(), 10);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "rwlock_get_mut", since = "1.6.0")]
    pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> LockResult<&mut T> {
        let data = self.data.get_mut();
        poison::map_result(self.poison.borrow(), |()| data)
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T: ?Sized + fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for RwLock<T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        let mut d = f.debug_struct("RwLock");
        match self.try_read() {
            Ok(guard) => {
                d.field("data", &&*guard);
            }
            Err(TryLockError::Poisoned(err)) => {
                d.field("data", &&**err.get_ref());
            }
            Err(TryLockError::WouldBlock) => {
                struct LockedPlaceholder;
                impl fmt::Debug for LockedPlaceholder {
                    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
                        f.write_str("<locked>")
                    }
                }
                d.field("data", &LockedPlaceholder);
            }
        }
        d.field("poisoned", &self.poison.get());
        d.finish_non_exhaustive()
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "rw_lock_default", since = "1.10.0")]
impl<T: Default> Default for RwLock<T> {
    /// Creates a new `RwLock<T>`, with the `Default` value for T.
    fn default() -> RwLock<T> {
        RwLock::new(Default::default())
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "rw_lock_from", since = "1.24.0")]
impl<T> From<T> for RwLock<T> {
    /// Creates a new instance of an `RwLock<T>` which is unlocked.
    /// This is equivalent to [`RwLock::new`].
    fn from(t: T) -> Self {
        RwLock::new(t)
    }
}

impl<'rwlock, T: ?Sized> RwLockReadGuard<'rwlock, T> {
    /// Create a new instance of `RwLockReadGuard<T>` from a `RwLock<T>`.
    // SAFETY: if and only if `lock.inner.read()` (or `lock.inner.try_read()`) has been
    // successfully called from the same thread before instantiating this object.
    unsafe fn new(lock: &'rwlock RwLock<T>) -> LockResult<RwLockReadGuard<'rwlock, T>> {
        poison::map_result(lock.poison.borrow(), |()| RwLockReadGuard {
            data: NonNull::new_unchecked(lock.data.get()),
            inner_lock: &lock.inner,
        })
    }
}

impl<'rwlock, T: ?Sized> RwLockWriteGuard<'rwlock, T> {
    /// Create a new instance of `RwLockWriteGuard<T>` from a `RwLock<T>`.
    // SAFETY: if and only if `lock.inner.write()` (or `lock.inner.try_write()`) has been
    // successfully called from the same thread before instantiating this object.
    unsafe fn new(lock: &'rwlock RwLock<T>) -> LockResult<RwLockWriteGuard<'rwlock, T>> {
        poison::map_result(lock.poison.guard(), |guard| RwLockWriteGuard { lock, poison: guard })
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "std_debug", since = "1.16.0")]
impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for RwLockReadGuard<'_, T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        (**self).fmt(f)
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "std_guard_impls", since = "1.20.0")]
impl<T: ?Sized + fmt::Display> fmt::Display for RwLockReadGuard<'_, T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        (**self).fmt(f)
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "std_debug", since = "1.16.0")]
impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        (**self).fmt(f)
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "std_guard_impls", since = "1.20.0")]
impl<T: ?Sized + fmt::Display> fmt::Display for RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        (**self).fmt(f)
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T: ?Sized> Deref for RwLockReadGuard<'_, T> {
    type Target = T;

    fn deref(&self) -> &T {
        // SAFETY: the conditions of `RwLockGuard::new` were satisfied when created.
        unsafe { self.data.as_ref() }
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T: ?Sized> Deref for RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T> {
    type Target = T;

    fn deref(&self) -> &T {
        // SAFETY: the conditions of `RwLockWriteGuard::new` were satisfied when created.
        unsafe { &*self.lock.data.get() }
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T: ?Sized> DerefMut for RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T> {
    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
        // SAFETY: the conditions of `RwLockWriteGuard::new` were satisfied when created.
        unsafe { &mut *self.lock.data.get() }
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T: ?Sized> Drop for RwLockReadGuard<'_, T> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        // SAFETY: the conditions of `RwLockReadGuard::new` were satisfied when created.
        unsafe {
            self.inner_lock.read_unlock();
        }
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<T: ?Sized> Drop for RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        self.lock.poison.done(&self.poison);
        // SAFETY: the conditions of `RwLockWriteGuard::new` were satisfied when created.
        unsafe {
            self.lock.inner.write_unlock();
        }
    }
}