Clean up handling of `-Z pgo-gen` commandline option.
This PR adapts the `-Z pgo-gen` flag to how Clang and GCC handle the corresponding `-fprofile-generate` flag. In particular, the flag now optionally takes a directory to place the profiling data in and allows to omit the argument (instead of having to pass an empty string).
The codegen crate contains the code to convert from MIR into LLVM IR,
and then from LLVM IR into machine code. In general it contains code
that runs towards the end of the compilation process.
For more information about how codegen works, see the rustc guide.